maszyny: AK-47

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The AK-47, full name Avtomat Kalashnikova 1947, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (Russian: Автомат Калашникова, lit. 'Kalashnikov's automatic'; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov, it is the originating firearm of the Kalashnikov (or "AK") family of rifles. After more than seven decades since its creation, the AK-47 model and its variants remain one of the most popular and widely used firearms in the world. Design work on the AK-47 began in 1945. It was presented for official military trials in 1947, and, in 1948, the fixed-stock vers…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The M1 Carbine (formally the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1) is a lightweight semi-automatic rifle chambered in the .30 carbine (7.62×33mm) cartridge that was issued to the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1 Carbine was produced in several variants and was widely used by military, paramilitary, and police forces around the world after World War II, most notably by the armed forces of South Korea and South Vietnam. The M2 Carbine is the selective-fire version of the M1 Carbine, capable of firing in both semi-automatic and full-automatic. The M3 Carbine was an M2 Carbine with an active infrared scope system. Despite having a similar name and…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and a pioneer of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms. Browning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. He invented, or made significant imp…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The two most common assault rifles in the world are the Soviet AK-47 and the American M16. These Cold War-era rifles have been used in conflicts both large and small since the 1960s. They are used by military, police, security forces, revolutionaries, terrorists, criminals, and civilians alike and will most likely continue to be used for decades to come. As a result, they have been the subject of countless comparisons and endless debate. The AK-47 was influenced by the design of the German StG 44. It was finalized, adopted, and entered widespread service in the Soviet Army in the early 1950s. Its firepower, ease of use, low production costs, and reliability were perfectly suited for the Sov…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The below table gives a list of firearms that can fire the 7.62×39mm cartridge, first developed and used by the Soviet Union in the late 1940s. The cartridge is widely used due to the worldwide proliferation of Russian SKS and AK-47 pattern rifles, as well as RPD and RPK light machine guns. This table is sortable for every column.

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Widely Used Variants of the Farquhar-von-Caemmerer-Berry Model Can Cause Errors in Parameter Estimation. Abstract The Farquhar-von-Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model is the most widely-used mechanistic model of C3 net CO2 assimilation, and it plays a significant role in plant physiology, ecology, climate science, and Earth system modeling. As use of the model has grown, multiple variants have appeared across publications. Although many of these are commonly used, there has not been a detailed investigation of existing variants and their impacts on results and interpretations. Here we summarize the types of variants and their prevalence in the literature, and we present a comprehensive comparison…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Widely Used Variants of the Farquhar-von-Caemmerer-Berry Model Can Cause Errors in Parameter Estimation. A bstract The Farquhar-von-Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model is the most widely-used mechanistic model of C 3 net CO 2 assimilation, and it plays a significant role in plant physiology, ecology, climate science, and Earth system modeling. As use of the model has grown, multiple variants have appeared across publications. Although many of these are commonly used, there has not been a detailed investigation of existing variants and their impacts on results and interpretations. Here we summarize the types of variants and their prevalence in the literature, and we present a comprehensive comparis…