geografia: List of F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

This is a list of tornadoes which have been officially or unofficially labeled as F5, EF5, IF5, T10-T11, the highest possible ratings on the various tornado intensity scales. These scales – the Fujita scale, the Enhanced Fujita scale, the International Fujita scale, and the TORRO tornado intensity scale – attempt to estimate the intensity of a tornado by classifying the damage caused to natural features and man-made structures in the tornado's path. The most recent EF5 tornado was the 2025 Enderlin tornado, ending the record 12-year EF5 drought that began after the 2013 Moore tornado.

Evidence: 58 • authority: 72

On the night of June 20, 2025, a large, violent, and deadly EF5 tornado moved through portions of Ransom and Cass Counties in southeastern North Dakota, United States, impacting rural areas east of Enderlin. The storm was part of an extensive tornado outbreak and derecho that took place across the northern Great Plains region of the U.S. and southern Canada from June 19–22. Internally referred to as Enderlin Tornado #1 by the National Weather Service (NWS), it was the first tornado to be rated EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale in the U.S. in 12 years, and the most recent tornado in North Dakota to be rated that high since the 1957 F5 tornado that struck Fargo exactly 68 years earlier. During…

Evidence: 53 • authority: 72

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2013. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also appear regularly in neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season, and somewhat regularly in Europe, Asia, and Australia. There were 916 tornadoes confirmed in the United States in 2013. One of these tornadoes was the largest ever recorded, which reached a peak width of 2.6 mi (4.2 km) south of El Reno, Oklahoma (which was also impacted by a deadly EF5 tornado two years prior). In total, 120 fatalities were c…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Concentric waves and short‐period oscillations observed in the ionosphere after the 2013 Moore EF5 tornado. We detected clear concentric waves and short‐period oscillations in the ionosphere after an Enhanced Fujita scale (EF)5 tornado hit Moore, Oklahoma, U.S., on 20 May 2013 using dense wide‐coverage ionospheric total electron content (TEC) observations in North America. These concentric waves were nondispersive, with a horizontal wavelength of ~120 km and a period of ~13 min. They were observed for more than 7 h throughout North America. TEC oscillations with a period of ~4 min were also observed to the south of Moore for more than 8 h. A comparison between the TEC observations and infra…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

Tornado-Resolving Ensemble and Probabilistic Predictions of the 20 May 2013 Newcastle–Moore EF5 Tornado. Abstract An ensemble of 10 forecasts is produced for the 20 May 2013 Newcastle–Moore EF5 tornado and its parent supercell using a horizontal grid spacing of 50 m, nested within ensemble forecasts with 500-m horizontal grid spacing initialized via ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation of surface and radar observations. Tornadic circulations are predicted in all members, though the intensity, track, and longevity of the predicted tornado vary substantially among members. Overall, tornadoes in the ensemble forecasts persisted longer and moved to the northeast faster than the observed tor…