słonie: Cicada

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The cicadas () are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). They are in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, along with smaller jumping bugs such as leafhoppers and froghoppers. The superfamily is divided into two families, the Tettigarctidae, with two species in Australia, and the Cicadidae, with more than 3,000 species described from around the world; many species remain undescribed. Nearly all cicada species are annual cicadas with the exception of the few North American periodical cicada species, genus Magicicada, which in a given region emerge en masse every 13 or 17 years. Cicadas have prominent eyes set wide apart, short antennae, and membranous front wi…

Evidence: 73 • authority: 72

Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea. Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.

Evidence: 73 • authority: 88

<i>Rungia mastersii</i> (Acanthaceae), a Rare Species Known Only From Its Type Collection, Rediscovered After 180 Years. ABSTRACT Rungia mastersii T.Anderson (Acanthaceae) was collected and rediscovered after a gap of 180 years since its first discovery and naming. This endemic species has been recorded from Dima Hasao district of Assam following its type collection made by J.W. Masters from an unidentified locality of Assam in the year 1845. The present record represents the first confirmed locality of the species since the original collection and documents a new distributional locality in Assam. Detailed description, habitat, phenology and conservation note are provided along with a photo…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida or Phasmatoptera) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick bugs, walkingsticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as Devil's darning needles, although this name is shared by both dragonflies and crane flies. They can be generally referred to as phasmatodeans, phasmids, or ghost insects, with phasmids in the family Phylliidae called leaf insects, leaf-bugs, walking leaves, or bug leaves. The order name is derived from the Ancient Greek φάσμα (phásma), meaning "apparition, phantom", referring to their resemblance to vegetation while in fact being animals. Their natural camouflag…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Tangsa and Wancho of North-East India Use Animals not only as Food and Medicine but also as Additional Cultural Attributes.. Cultural and ritual uses of animals beyond those for food and medicine should not be dismissed if we wish to understand the pressure that wildlife is under. We documented such uses for the Tangsa and Wancho tribals of Eastern Arunachal Pradesh (India). Group discussions with assembled members of 10 accessible villages in each of the tribal areas were carried out in 2015 and 2016. Vernacular names of culturally important species were noted and details of hunting practices were recorded. The different uses of animals and their parts during rituals and festivals and thei…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is nocturnal, with diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Some animals, such as ferrets, have eyes that can adapt to both low-level and bright day levels of illumination (see metaturnal). Others, such as bushbabies and (some) bats, can function only at night. Many nocturnal creatures including tarsiers and some owls have large eyes in comparison with their body size to compensate for the lower light levels at night. More specifically, they have…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

Deilephila elpenor, the elephant hawk moth or large elephant hawk moth, is a moth in the family Sphingidae. Its common name is derived from the caterpillar's resemblance to an elephant's trunk. It is most common in Central Europe and is distributed throughout the Palearctic region. It has also been introduced in British Columbia, Canada. Its distinct olive and pink colouring makes it one of the most recognisable moths in its range, but confusing the elephant hawk moth with the small elephant hawk moth, a closely related species that also shares the characteristic colours, is quite common. These moths are nocturnal, so feed on flowers that open or produce nectar at night. The elephant hawk m…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

Elephant birds are extinct flightless birds belonging to the order Aepyornithiformes that were native to the island of Madagascar. They are thought to have gone extinct around 1000 AD, likely as a result of human activity. There are three currently recognised species, one in the genus Mullerornis, and two in Aepyornis. Aepyornis maximus is possibly the largest bird to have ever lived, with their eggs being the largest known for any amniote. Elephant birds were herbivores and major components of Madagascar's pre-human ecosystems. Elephant birds are palaeognaths (whose flightless representatives are often known as ratites), and their closest living relatives are kiwi (found only in New Zealan…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

The tree hyrax or tree dassie is a small nocturnal mammal native to Africa. Distantly related to elephants and sea cows, it comprises the four species in the genus Dendrohyrax, one of only three genera in the family Procaviidae, which is the only living family within the order Hyracoidea. The four species are: Analysis of calls found that they could be divided into 'shrieking' hyraxes and 'barking' hyraxes, with the barkers being a genetically distinct fourth species. The tree hyrax has four-toed front feet and three-toed back feet with rounded nails, and rubbery soles that help it climb.

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

Ratites () are a polyphyletic group consisting of all birds within the infraclass Palaeognathae that lack keels and cannot fly. They are mostly large, long-necked, and long-legged, the exception being kiwi, which are the only nocturnal extant ratites. The understanding of relationships within the paleognath clade has been in flux. Previously, all the flightless members had been assigned to the order Struthioniformes, which is more recently regarded as containing only the ostrich. The modern bird infraclass Palaeognathae consists of ratites and the flighted Neotropic tinamous (compare to Neognathae). Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum—hence the name, fro…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Figure 24: Conch parameters throughout ontogeny (represented by conch height) of <i>Sinoeremoceras</i> species that are only known from few isolated specimens.

Evidence: 53 • authority: 92

Forest elephants modulate their behaviour to adapt to sounds of danger.. The African forest elephant ( Loxodonta cyclotis ) plays a critical role in upholding the Congo Basin's structure and function, a vital area that supports global carbon sequestration. However, between 1990 and 2021, the species' numbers declined by 86%, mainly because of ivory hunting. Owing to their elusive nature in the region's dense rainforests, their responses to human disturbances, such as gun hunting, are not well understood, though the limited studies that have been completed suggest that forest elephants may respond by altering their abundance, distribution and nocturnal activity. Using passive acoustic monito…