granice: Hasmonean Judea

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Hasmonean Judea, also known in part of its history as the Hasmonean kingdom, was an at times autonomous and at times independent Jewish state in Judea and its surrounding regions, during the later part of the Hellenistic and into the Early Roman era of the Second Temple period. The Hasmonean state emerged from the Maccabean revolt against Seleucid rule. It was ruled by the Hasmonean dynasty, who consisted of Simon Thassi, one of the Maccabee brothers, and his descendants, and combined the offices of high priest and ethnarch. The dynasty's leaders eventually assumed the title of kings. Initially, Judea remained semi-autonomous under the Seleucid empire, but as Seleucid authority declined, th…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73/74 CE), also known as the War of Destruction, the Great Jewish Revolt, the First Jewish Revolt, or the Jewish War, was the first of three major Jewish rebellions against the Roman Empire. Fought in the province of Judaea, it resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish Temple, mass displacement, land appropriation, and the dissolution of the Jewish polity. Judaea, once independent under the Hasmoneans, fell to the Roman Republic in the first century BCE. Initially a client kingdom, it later became a directly ruled province, marked by the rule of oppressive governors, socioeconomic divides, and rising religious and ethnic tensions. In 66 CE, under…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

The Kingdom of Israel (Biblical Hebrew: מַמְלֶכֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanized: Mamleḵeṯ Yiśrāʾēl), also called the Kingdom of Samaria or the Northern Kingdom, was an Israelite kingdom that existed in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Its beginnings date back to the first half of the 10th century BCE. It controlled the areas of Samaria, Galilee and parts of Transjordan; the former two regions underwent a period in which a large number of new settlements were established shortly after the kingdom came into existence. It had four capital cities in succession: Shiloh, Shechem, Tirzah, and the city of Samaria. In the 9th century BCE, the House of Omri ruled it, whose political centre was the ci…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

Jews, or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating in the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is an ethnic religion, though many ethnic Jews do not practice it. Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Originally, Jews referred to the inhabitants of Judah, and were distinguished from the gentiles and the Samaritans. Accor…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

The Maccabean Revolt (Hebrew: מֶרֶד הַמַּכַּבִּים) or the Hasmonean revolt (מֶרֶד הַחַשְׁמוֹנָאִים) was a Jewish rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and against Hellenistic influence on Jewish life. The main phase of the revolt lasted from 167 to 160 BCE and ended with the Seleucids in control of Judea, but conflict between the Maccabeean Jews, Hellenized Jews, and the Seleucids continued until 134 BCE, with the Maccabees eventually attaining independence. Seleucid King Antiochus IV Epiphanes launched a campaign of repression against the Jewish religion in 168 BCE. The reason he did so is not entirely clear, but it seems to have been related to the King mistaking an i…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The region of Palestine is part of the Levant, a land bridge between Africa and Eurasia that has traditionally served as the "crossroads of Western Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northeast Africa". Lying to the west of the Jordan Rift Valley, Palestine is, in tectonic terms, located in the "northwest of the Arabian Plate". A crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics, Palestine was among the earliest regions to see human habitation, agricultural communities and civilization. In the Bronze Age, the Canaanites established city-states influenced by surrounding civilizations, among them Egypt, which ruled the area in the Late Bronze Age. During the Iron Age, the kingdoms of…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and both Israel and Palestine (West Bank) to the west. The Jordan River, flowing into the Dead Sea, is located along the country's western border within the Jordan Rift Valley. Jordan has a small coastline along the Red Sea in its southwest, separated by the Gulf of Aqaba from Egypt. Amman is the country's capital and largest city, as well as the most populous city in the Levant. Inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period, three kingdoms developed in Transjordan during the Iron Age: Ammon, Mo…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile was the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were exiled to Babylonia by the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The expulsions occurred in multiple waves: After the siege of Jerusalem in 597 BCE, around 7,000 individuals were exiled to Mesopotamia. Further expulsions followed the destruction of Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple in 587 BCE. Although the dates, numbers of expulsions, and numbers of exiles vary in the several Hebrew Bible accounts, the following is a general outline of what occurred. After the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II besieged Jerusalem, whic…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Yehud or Yehud Medinta (Biblical Aramaic: יְהוּד מְדִינְתָּא, Yəhūḏ Məḏīntā, "the province of Judah"), sometimes misread as Yehud Medinata, was an autonomous province of the Achaemenid Empire. The name is originally Aramaic and was first introduced after Judah fell to the Babylonians. Located in Judea, the territory was ethnically diverse with a distinct Jewish community whose High Priest of Israel emerged as a central religious and political leader. It lasted for just over two centuries before being incorporated into the Hellenistic empires, which emerged following the Greek conquest of the Persian Empire. Upon the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE, the Achaemenid Empire established i…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The history of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel begins with the Hebrew people (later known as the Israelites) in the 2nd millennium BCE. After emerging from among the Canaanites, the Twelve Tribes of Israel are said to have established the postulated "United Monarchy" that traditionally—but possibly ahistorically—marks the beginning of ancient Israel and Judah. According to Hebrew scripture, the United Monarchy split into two separate kingdoms occupying Canaan's highland zone: the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 722 BCE, resulting in the Ten Lost Tribes and the Assyrian captivity; while Ju…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel's western coast lies on the Mediterranean Sea, its southern tip reaches the Red Sea, and to the east is Earth's lowest point near the Dead Sea. Jerusalem is the government seat and proclaimed capital, while Tel Aviv is Israel's largest urban area and economic centre. The Land of Israel, also called Palestine or the Holy Land, was home to the ancient Canaanites and later the kingdoms of Israel and Judah and Hasmonean Judea. Located near continental crossroads, its demographics sh…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Ancient Israel and Judah were two Israelite kingdoms that existed in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Their history began with the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country. The earliest documented mention of "Israel" as a people appears on the Merneptah Stele, an ancient Egyptian inscription dating back to around 1208 BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests that ancient Israelite culture evolved from the pre-existing Canaanite civilization. During the Iron Age II period, two Israelite kingdoms emerged, covering much of Canaan: the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. According to the Hebrew Bible, a "United Monarchy" consisting of Is…