woda: Slavery in the United States

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The legal institution of chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South. Slavery was found throughout European colonization in the Americas. From 1526, during the early colonial period, it was practiced in what became Britain's colonies, including the Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States. Under the law, children were born into slavery, and an enslaved person was treated as property that could be bought, sold, or given away. Slavery persisted in about half of the U.S. states until its abolition after the civil war between the North and the S…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

From the late 18th century to the 1860s, various states of the United States (and its federal district (D.C.); and territories) allowed the enslavement of human beings, most of whom had been transported from Africa during the Atlantic slave trade or were descendants of people who had. The institution of chattel slavery was established in North America in the 16th century under Spanish, British, French, and Dutch colonization. As the colonies that would become the United States developed, slavery became especially important to the Southern economy, where enslaved labor was used to produce major agricultural crops. The National Park Service explains that slavery also became one of the major i…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

The institution of slavery in the colonies of British America developed through a combination of factors, but primarily from a boom in industrialized agriculture and the early existence of large slave labor populations on nearby European-colonized Caribbean islands. Before the 1650s, however, African-based industrial slavery had not developed within the colonies. During this time, Native Americans were the main target for servitude by British American colonists. By the 1650s, several Southern colonies were known to have begun enslaving both local Native Americans and African Americans for work on industrial plantations. As indigenous peoples suffered massive population losses due to importe…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution made slavery and involuntary servitude illegal, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18, 1865. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, effective on January 1, 1863, declared that the enslaved in Confederate-controlled areas (and thus almost all slaves) were free. When they escaped to Union lines or f…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

This bibliography of slavery in the United States is a guide to books documenting the history of slavery in the U.S., from its colonial origins in the 17th century through the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished the practice in 1865. In addition, links are provided to related bibliographies, in the United States and articles elsewhere in Wikipedia.

Evidence: — • authority: 88

White Southern Memories and the Legacy of “Slave Marriage” in the United States. This article intersects various secondary works that analyze regional memories in the US South, slave marital practices, and the intellectual history of slavery in the United States. Following a brief analysis of the “Plantation Myth,” it examines the proslavery framework established by southern apologists in the antebellum era and gauges how postbellum authors built upon these arguments. The next part critically probes memoirists’ usage of descriptive material, scrutinizing their motivations for producing the literature, the tone conveyed through their writing, and how they used the wedding ceremony as a symbo…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The history of slavery spans many different cultures, tribes, nationalities and religions from ancient periods to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many different ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. Slavery has been found in some hunter-gatherer populations, particularly as hereditary slavery, but the conditions of agriculture with increasing social and economic complexity following the Neolithic Revolution which began in Western Asia circa 10,000 BC offer greater opportunity for mass chattel slavery. Slavery was institutionalized by the ti…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Legal chattel slavery existed in Saudi Arabia from antiquity until its abolition in the 1960s. Hejaz (the western region of modern day Saudi Arabia), which encompasses approximately 12% of the total land area of Saudi Arabia, was under the control of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1918, and as such nominally obeyed the Ottoman laws. When the area became an independent nation first as the Kingdom of Hejaz and then as Saudi Arabia, it was a slave trade center during the interwar period. After World War II, growing international pressure eventually resulted in the formal abolition of the practice. Slavery was formally abolished in 1962. Many members of the Afro-Saudi minority are descendants…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The pre-American Civil War practice of kidnapping into slavery in the United States occurred in both free and slave states, and both fugitive slaves and free negroes were transported to slave markets and sold, often multiple times. There were lucrative rewards given for the return of fugitives. Three types of kidnapping methods were employed: physical abduction, inveiglement (kidnapping through trickery) of free blacks, and apprehension of fugitives. The enslavement, or re-enslavement, of free blacks occurred for 85 years, from 1780 to 1865. Kidnapping of black children for resale was a consistent issue throughout the slavery period. The term Reverse Underground Railroad has been retroactiv…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Slavery in the Spanish American viceroyalties included the enslavement, forced labor and peonage of indigenous peoples, Africans, and Asians from the late 15th to late 19th century, and its aftereffects in the 20th and 21st centuries. The economic and social institution of slavery existed throughout the Spanish Empire, including Spain itself. Initially, indigenous people were subjected to the encomienda system until the 1543 New Laws that prohibited it. This was replaced with the repartimiento system. Africans were also transported to the Americas for their labor under the race-based system of chattel slavery. Later, Southeast Asian people were brought to the Americas under forms of indentu…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Slavery in Korea existed in various forms from its origins in antiquity over 2,000 years ago to its gradual abolition in the late Joseon period, beginning in the 18th century and culminating in 1894. The nature of the nobi system is widely debated, with scholars agreeing that it constituted a form of serfdom until at least the Goryeo period (ca 918–1392) but disagreeing whether it constituted slavery, serfdom, or both during the Joseon period (1392-1897). In Korean, slave is translated as 'noye' which were a class of people with no legal rights unlike the 'nobi' who had the right to private property, subsistence wages, and were contractually obligated through debt. The Joseon dynasty was a…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The culture of the Southern United States, Southern culture, or Southern heritage, is a subculture of the United States. From its many cultural influences, the South developed its own customs, dialects, arts, literature, cuisine, dance, and music. The combination of its history and the fact that many Southerners maintain—and even nurture—an identity separate from the rest of the country have made it one of the most studied and written-about regions of the United States. From the 17th century until the mid-19th century, the central role of agriculture and slavery during the colonial period and antebellum era economies stratified society by land ownership. This landed gentry differentiated cu…