psy: Maned wolf

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is a large canine of South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay, and is almost locally extinct in Uruguay. Its markings resemble those of a red fox but it is neither a fox nor a wolf. It is the only species in the genus Chrysocyon (from Greek χρῡσο-κύων [chrúso-kúōn], "golden dog"). The maned wolf's young pups appear to have darker fur than the bronze, grown ones. It is the largest canine in South America, weighing 20–30 kg (44–66 lb) and up to 110 cm (43 in) at the withers. Its slender legs and dense reddish coat give it a distinctive appearance. The maned wolf is a crepuscular and omnivorous animal adapted to the ope…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus ) is an extinct species of canine which was native to the Americas during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs (125,000–10,000 years ago). The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found. Two subspecies are proposed, Aenocyon dirus guildayi and Aenocyon dirus dirus, but this assignment has been recently considered questionable. The largest collection of its fossils has been obtained from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles. Dire wolf remains have been found across a broad range of habitats including plains, grasslands, and some forested mountain areas of North America and the arid savanna of South America. The…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The fauna of South America consists of a huge variety of unique animals some of which evolved in relative isolation. The isolation of South America allowed for many separate animal lineages to evolve, creating a lot of originality when it comes to South American animal species. The isolation of South America had an abrupt end some few million years ago when the Isthmus of Panama was formed, allowing small scale migration of animals that would result in the Great American Interchange which caused many marsupials such as Thylacosmilus to go extinct. South America is the continent with the largest number of recorded bird species. South America is home to one of the most species-rich assemblage…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Evidence: 34 • authority: 88

Cystinuria in the Maned Wolf of South America. Of 42 maned wolves in zoos or live-trapped in Brazil, 34 had excessive cystine in their urine. Renal clearance studies of five of the affected wolves revealed a variable defect for the reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids. The renal tubular handling of other solutes including glucose, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and uric acid was considered normal. Urinary calculi composed of cystine were found in four wolves and proved fatal in three of them. With the exception of the high incidence in this species, this hereditary disease resembles the disorder described in dogs and humans.

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

New morphological features and phylogenetic insights of <i>Dioctophyme renale</i> from wild carnivores and a domestic dog in South America.. Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Dioctophymidae) is a globally distributed monotypic nematode species of significant zoonotic relevance. This parasite infects a broad range of mammalian hosts, including wild and domestic carnivores, as well as humans. In Brazil, infections have been reported in both domestic and wild animals, although morphological and molecular data remain limited. This gap, combined with its zoonotic potential, highlights the need for further research. The present study provides an integrative taxonomic description of D. ren…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

Genetic diversity of <i>Dioctophyme renale</i> in Southern South America.. Dioctophyme renale , the giant kidney worm, is a nematode related to Trichuris sp and is distributed worldwide. These parasites locate in the kidney of their definitive hosts (mainly belonging to the order Carnivora) and have an indirect life cycle with an annelid as the main intermediate host. Humans are rarely affected, but in those that are, 1 or both kidneys are destroyed. In South America, D. renale is widespread in riparian regions where changing climatic conditions, environmental degradation, and compromised sanitation are increasing the risk of distribution of this parasite, including humans. Here…

Evidence: 31 • authority: 92

Evidence: 25 • authority: 92

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in captive wild mammals from an urban zoo in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area of Brazil.. Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a complex zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through the bites of Leishmania-infected phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). Its transmission dynamics are shaped by environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors. Rapid urbanization, landscape modification, and the rising incidence of human and canine VL in endemic cities raise concerns about parasite circulation at the human-wildlife interface, including within captive animal populations housed in urban zoological institutions. Methodolog…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 80

Maned Wolf Conservation in the South of Brazil and Uruguay