materiały: Wind turbine

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. As of 2024, hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in installations known as wind farms, were generating over 1,136 gigawatts of power, with 117 GW added each year. Wind turbines are an increasingly important source of intermittent renewable energy, and are used in many countries to lower energy costs and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. One study claimed that, as of 2009, wind had the "lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions, the least water consumption demands and the most favorable social impacts" compared to photovoltaic, hydro, geothermal, coal and gas energy sources. Wind turbines are manufa…

Evidence: 61 • authority: 72

A vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set transverse to the wind while the main components are located at the base of the turbine. This arrangement allows the generator and gearbox to be located close to the ground, facilitating service and repair. VAWTs do not need to be pointed into the wind, which removes the need for wind-sensing and orientation mechanisms. Major drawbacks for the early designs (Savonius, Darrieus and giromill) included the significant torque ripple during each revolution and the large bending moments on the blades. Later designs addressed the torque ripple by sweeping the blades helically (Gorlov type). Savonius ver…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

Unconventional wind turbines are those that differ significantly from the most common types in use. As of 2024, the most common type of wind turbine is the three-bladed upwind horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), where the turbine rotor is at the front of the nacelle and facing the wind upstream of its supporting turbine tower. A second major unit type is the vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), with blades extending upwards, supported by a rotating framework. Due to the large growth of the wind power industry, many wind turbine designs exist, are in development, or have been proposed. The variety of designs reflects ongoing commercial, technological, and inventive interests in harvesting win…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 72

The Darrieus wind turbine is a type of vertical-axis wind turbine used to generate electricity from wind energy. The turbine consists of a number of curved aerofoil blades mounted on a rotating shaft or framework. The curvature of the blades allows the blade to be stressed only in tension at high rotating speeds. There are several closely related wind turbines that use straight blades. This design of the turbine was patented by Georges Jean Marie Darrieus, a French aeronautical engineer; filing for the patent was October 1, 1926. There are major difficulties in protecting the Darrieus turbine from extreme wind conditions and in making it self-starting.

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Advanced blade profiles for improved efficiency in Savonius wind turbines: the aeroleaf case study.. The Aeroleaf, a Savonius-based vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) designed for urban environments, is compact and omnidirectional but limited in aerodynamic efficiency. In this study, the baseline Aeroleaf was compared with a conventional Savonius wind turbine (CSWT) under identical Reynolds number conditions (Re ≈ 1.7 × 10⁵, U = 7 m/s). The Aeroleaf achieved a peak Cp of 0.107 at TSR of 0.5, while the CSWT reached Cp = 0.120 at TSR = 0.8, confirming that although the Aeroleaf operates optimally at lower TSRs (advantageous for low-wind startup) its maximum efficiency is 11% lower than the CSW…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

Wind turbine design is the process of defining the form and configuration of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind. An installation consists of the systems needed to capture the wind's energy, point the turbine into the wind, convert mechanical rotation into electrical power, and other systems to start, stop, and control the turbine. In 1919, German physicist Albert Betz showed that for a hypothetical ideal wind-energy extraction machine, the fundamental laws of conservation of mass and energy allowed no more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the wind's kinetic energy to be captured. This Betz's law limit can be approached by modern turbine designs which reach 70 to 80% of this theoretical lim…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Bio-Inspired Blade Serrations: A Review on Owl-Based Strategies for Aeroacoustic Noise Mitigation.. The increasing deployment of wind energy has brought renewed attention to aeroacoustic noise generated by wind turbine blades, where broadband noise is primarily associated with vortex shedding at the trailing edge (TE) and leading edge (LE) of airfoils. Owls, particularly Tyto alba , exhibit wing morphologies such as serrations, velvet-like surfaces, and fringes that enable silent flight through aerodynamic noise suppression. This study presents a scoping review of the scientific literature on owl-inspired serration strategies applied to aerodynamic airfoils and wind turbine blades. The lite…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Synergistic ANN-GA-CFD framework for high-performance Savonius wind turbine optimization with experimental validation.. Savonius wind turbine (SWT) optimization via machine learning and optimization techniques has attracted increasing attention; however, most existing studies rely on limited datasets that cover only specific geometric parameters or operating conditions. This limitation constrains the comprehensive exploration of the Savonius wind turbine design space. Therefore, the present study constructs a comprehensive multisource dataset covering the key geometric parameters and operating conditions of SWT. Accordingly, an iterative optimization framework integrating artificial neural…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Upcycling of Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades: An Investigation of Stress Distributions in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Beams.. Wind turbines are among the most widely adopted renewable energy systems, yet the end-of-life management of wind turbine blades remains a major challenge. The turbine blades are primarily made of glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP), which are difficult to recycle without degrading their inherent structural integrity. Instead of shredding or downcycling, this study explores a reuse strategy that preserves intact laminate from decommissioned blades and repurposes them into structural beams via glue-laminated fiber-reinforced polymers (GL-FRP) assemblies. This…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Investigation on AI-Based Deflector-Controlled Vertical Axis Wind Turbine a Systematic Literature Review. The artificial intelligence integrated aerodynamic flow control mechanisms is an important direction for improving the performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs). Despite their advantage as urban energy systems, VAWTs have the disadvantage of comparatively lower efficiency to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). The reasons are dynamic stalls, flow separation, and negative torque generation on returning blades. This review systematically examines the current state of research across three interconnected domains: VAWT performance challenges, deflector-based aerodynamic enhancem…