materiały: Mechanical metamaterial

Evidence: 62 • authority: 72

A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά meta, meaning 'beyond' or 'after', and the Latin word materia, meaning 'matter' or 'material') is an engineered material whose properties arise not from the chemical composition of its base substances, but from their deliberately designed internal structure. These properties are often rare or absent in naturally occurring materials. Metamaterials are typically fashioned from multiple materials, such as metals and plastics, and arranged in repeating patterns at scales that are smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena they influence. Their shape, geometry, size, orientation, and arrangement give them their properties of manipulating electromagneti…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 92

Hierarchical and Fractal-Inspired Mechanical Metamaterials: A Mechanics-Oriented Review of Multiscale Design, Strength, Deformation, and Energy Absorption.. Classical continuum descriptions based on homogenized parameters, such as modulus and relative density, become inadequate when performance is governed by deliberately engineered multiscale architecture rather than by composition, as in hierarchical and fractal-inspired mechanical metamaterials. In these materials, geometry couples deformation across length scales in ways that single-scale models cannot capture. This review synthesizes theoretical, numerical, and experimental literature published mainly over the last two decades, with em…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Mechanical metamaterials are metamaterials derived from their unique internal structures rather than the materials from which they are made. Inspiration for mechanical metamaterials design often comes from biological materials (such as honeycombs and cells), from molecular and crystalline unit cell structures as well as the artistic fields of origami and kirigami. While early mechanical metamaterials had regular repeats of simple unit cell structures, increasingly complex units and architectures are now being explored. Mechanical metamaterials can be seen as a counterpart to optical metamaterials and electromagnetic metamaterials. Mechanical metamaterials are the broad umbrella term, define…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Mechanochemical and machine-intelligent design of programmable materials: From molecular interactions to macroscale functionality.. Programmable materials are an emerging class of matter capable of dynamically altering their properties, structure, or function in response to external stimuli. While most research has treated chemical and mechanical responsiveness separately, integrating these domains through mechanochemical design opens new avenues for intelligent, adaptive systems. This review explores how chemical reactivity and molecular interactions can be harnessed alongside mechanical deformation to create materials with controllable behavior across multiple scales. Key topics include f…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials.. Triggered by advances in atomic-layer exfoliation and growth techniques, along with the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or a few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals now constitute a broad research field expanding in multiple directions through the combination of layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary subset of those directions, where 2D materials…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Graphene () is a variety of the element carbon which occurs naturally in small amounts. In graphene, the carbon forms a sheet of interlocked atoms as hexagons one carbon atom thick. The result resembles the face of a honeycomb. When many hundreds of graphene layers build up, they are called graphite. In technical terms, graphene is a carbon allotrope consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb planar nanostructure. The name "graphene" is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, indicating the presence of double bonds within the carbon structure. Graphene is known for its exceptionally high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, transparency, and being the thinnest…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Titanium alloys are alloys that contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. Such alloys have very high tensile strength and toughness (even at extreme temperatures). They are light in weight, have extraordinary corrosion resistance and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures. However, the high cost of processing limits their use to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, bicycles, medical devices, jewelry, highly stressed components such as connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some premium sports equipment and consumer electronics. Although "commercially pure" titanium has acceptable mechanical properties and has been used for orthopedic and dental implants…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Bilayer Theory for Conduction Thermal Cloaking

Evidence: — • authority: 80

INTEGRAL TRANSFORM OF HEAT CONDUCTION IN ANISOTROPIC HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA: APPLICATION TO THERMAL METAMATERIALS

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Thermal illusions based on metamaterials and metasurfaces : heat conduction and thermal radiation. Illusions thermiques basées sur les métamatériaux et les métasurfaces : conduction et rayonnement Les techniques de camouflage, mimétisme ou invisibilité ont récemment connu une forte émergence, qui se poursuit aujourd’hui avec l’apparition des méta-surfaces. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail de doctorat a été réalisé, notamment avec un premier objectif d’étendre ces outils et concepts aux problèmes inverses du domaine de la diffusion de la chaleur. La suite du travail a concerné le rayonnement thermique, les méta-surfaces et les transformations de champ. Après avoir étendu les techniques…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Unveiling the thermo-mechanical responses and tactile-sensitivity of 3D printed chiral mechanical metamaterials across macro- and micro- scales

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Auxetic behavior and unusual shear resistance of crumpled materials: Opportunities for programming the nonlinear responses of crumpled mechanical metamaterials