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Evidence: 57 • authority: 72

Ancient Egyptian literature was written with the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination. It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature. Along with Sumerian literature, it is considered the world's earliest literature. Writing in ancient Egypt—both hieroglyphic and hieratic—first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt. By the Old Kingdom (26th century BC to 22nd century BC), literary works included funerary texts, epistles and letters, hymns and poems, and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials. It was not until the early Middle Kin…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. (That is, the oldest—or earliest—known writings, written works, or works of writing in the historical record surviving as physical documents to the present.)

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

The Languages and Writing Systems of Ancient Egypt:

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Mummy Has Oldest Case of Prostate Cancer in Ancient Egypt

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

SEALS, SEALINGS, AND WRITING IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

The Egyptian language, or ancient Egyptian (r n kmt; 'speech of Egypt'), is an extinct branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family that was spoken in Egypt. It is one of the earliest known written languages, first recorded in the hieroglyphic script in the late 4th millennium BC, and the longest-attested human language with a written record spanning over 5,000 years. Its classical form, known as "Middle Egyptian," was the vernacular language of the Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt, and remained the literary language of Egypt until its Christianisation during the Roman period. It is known today from a large corpus of surviving texts, which were deciphered in the early 19th century. By the time…