Pies: Eighteen muscles or more can move a dog’s ear

Evidence: 51 • authority: 80

Nerves and Muscles: How we Feel and Move

Evidence: 51 • authority: 80

What makes muscles contract? A physiologist explains how muscles move

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Case Report: Overlap syndrome with concurrent polymyositis, masticatory myositis, and lymphocytic thyroiditis in a dog.. Case presentation A 4-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog presented for chronic upper airway noises and dysphagia. The dog presented for inspiratory stridor and expiratory stertor. Serum creatine kinase activity was 3,296 IU/L, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated at 353 mg/dL and 201 mg/dL, respectively. In-house thyroxine levels were below the reference range, prompting the submission of a comprehensive thyroid profile to an outside reference laboratory. Head and cervical CT with contrast showed perivertebral/perilaryngeal muscle thickening and contr…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Anatomical, Histological, and Morphometrical Features of the Auditory Ossicles in Dog Fetuses at 55-56 Days of Gestation.. This study examines the auditory ossicles of 55-56-day gestational age dog fetuses and shows that the basic three-bone middle ear pattern is already present, but the bones remain partly cartilaginous and are actively ossifying. The tympanic cavity contained a gelatinous, mesenchyme-like material, making dissection difficult. The malleus was the largest and most laterally located ossicle, with an oval head, short neck, curved manubrium, and notable variability in the anterior process. The incus had a rectangular body with short and long processes of similar length, and t…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

Dog communication refers to the methods dogs use to transfer information to other dogs, animals, and humans. Dogs may exchange information vocally, visually, or through smell. Visual communication includes mouth shape and head position, licking and sniffing, ear and tail positioning, eye contact, facial expression, and body posture. Auditory communication can include barks, growls, howls, whines and whimpers, screams, pants and sighs. Dogs also communicate via gustatory communication, utilizing scent and pheromones. Humans can communicate with dogs through a wide variety of methods. Broadly, this includes vocalization, hand signals, body posture and touch. The two species also communicate v…

Evidence: — • authority: 38