technologia: Khrushchevka

Evidence: 36 • authority: 88

Analysis of Scattering Mechanisms in SAR Image Simulations of Japanese Wooden Buildings Damaged by Earthquake. The difficulty in identifying collapsed houses and damaged structures in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images after natural disasters represents a significant challenge in the monitoring of urban structural deformation using SAR. SAR image simulation was conducted on a three-dimensional model of a typical wooden building in Japan to analyze the scattering mechanism of the structure in collapsed and uncollapsed states. Based on the physical properties of the buildings, a correlation was established between the simulated SAR image feature signals and the geometric structures of the…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 88

An Alternative Modular Wooden System for Fast Assembly/Disassembly of Buildings. Throughout human settlement history, the pursuit of durability has been a paramount objective in building construction. The emphasis on durability has resulted in the construction of buildings designed to outlast human lifespans. However, the lack of consideration for building demolition and disposal during the design and construction phases has created challenges for future generations. This oversight contributes to the environmental impact of structures after demolition, which is a significant concern given that the construction industry is a major contributor to energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and solid w…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 88

Reassessing the Proportional System of Joseon Era Wooden Architecture: The Bracket Arm Length and Width as a Standard Modular Method. Previous research has agreed that standard modular methods in Song Yingzao Fashi and Qing Gongcheng Zuofa were not applied to Korean wooden architecture. This study notes the size of bracket arms as a standard modular method by investigating the proportion systems of Sungnyemun, Paldalmun, and Heunginjimun Gates, the official government buildings of the Joseon Dynasty. The purlin direction bracket arms in the intercolumnar bracket sets apply a proportional system in the ratio of a regular integer relationship to the front and side facades and building height.…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

An affordable housing crisis or housing crisis is either a widespread housing shortage in places where people want to live or a financial crisis in the housing market. Housing crises can contribute to homelessness and housing insecurity. They are difficult to address, because they are a complex "web of problems and dysfunctions" with many contributing factors, including structural causes like government policy, and proximate causes like housing costs rising faster than household income. There is an ongoing decades-long increasing trend of cities around the world facing housing crises. Some notable examples of financial crises in the housing market are the American subprime mortgage crisis i…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Since about 1970, California has been experiencing an extended and increasing housing shortage, such that by 2018, California ranked 49th among the states of the U.S. in terms of housing units per resident. This shortage has been estimated to be 3-4 million housing units (20-30% of California's housing stock, 14 million) as of 2017. In 2018, experts said that California needs to double its current rate of housing production (85,000 units per year) to keep up with expected population growth and prevent prices from further increasing, and needs to quadruple the current rate of housing production over the next seven years in order for prices and rents to decline. In 2025 the shortage was still…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

54. End of the Era of Five-Story Apartment Buildings

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Apartment buildings of the late XIX – early XX centuries as elements of two-storey wooden buildings in Ryazan

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Low-Carbon Emissions and Cost of Frame Structures for Wooden and Concrete Apartment Buildings: Case Study from Finland. To date, the existing literature lacks any studies that compare timber and concrete apartment buildings in the Finnish context regarding their carbon footprint, handprint, and the cost of frame structures. This study rigorously analyzes and calculates the carbon footprint, carbon handprint, and costs associated with various structural solutions in a proposed multi-story building located in Laajasalo, Helsinki, Finland. While the primary focus is on wooden frame construction, exploring both its challenges and opportunities, this study also includes a comparative assessment…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Assessment of the Change in Design Strategy of Apartment Buildings in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era. The world entered the post-COVID-19 era of coexistence with viruses, but people are still concerned as to whether there will be another virus outbreak in the future. Research on virus defense in the construction field is still underway, and considerable suggestions were proposed. If it seems these suggestions were adopted in many buildings, why is the pandemic still out of control? The main focus of this study is to explore a sustainable design strategy that should be adopted by apartment-style buildings in the post-pandemic era in terms of media, sensory, and action elements, and to analyz…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Wooden Additional Floors in Old Apartment Buildings: Perspectives of Housing and Real Estate Companies from Finland. This paper examined various stages and advantages of wooden additional floors from the perspective of Finnish housing and real estate companies through interviews with professionals involved in these projects. Main findings highlighted: (1) commercial conditions should be carefully analyzed for return on investment; (2) city plan change and the presence of a potential contractor and an expert were generally considered important issues; (3) considerations regarding city planning, parking spaces, load-carrying capacity, and new building codes were highlighted as critical factor…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Vitaly Pavlovich Lagutenko (Russian: Виталий Павлович Лагутенко, 1904, Mogilev – 26 December 1968, Moscow) was a Soviet architect and engineer. His studies of low-cost prefabricated concrete construction, supported by Nikita Khrushchev, led to a complete switch of Soviet building practice from masonry to prefab concrete. Lagutenko designed the standardized 5-story apartment houses, known as khrushchevka, and associated technologies of fast, mass-scale construction. These low-cost blocks, built by millions of units, helped relieve post-war housing shortage.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Khrushchevkas (Russian: хрущёвка, romanized: khrushchyovka, IPA: [xrʊˈɕːɵfkə]) are a type of low-cost, concrete-paneled or brick three- to five-storied apartment buildings (and apartments in these buildings) which were designed and constructed in the Soviet Union from the early 1960s onwards, when their namesake, Nikita Khrushchev, was leader of the Soviet Union. With the beginning of the construction of "Khrushchyovkas", Soviet housing development became predominantly industrial. Compared to "Stalinkas", which were usually built from brick, Khrushchyovkas had smaller apartments, and their functionalist-style architecture was extremely simple. However, the first-generation buildings surpass…