literackie-beefy: Historikerstreit

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Historikerstreit (German: [hɪsˈtoːʁɪkɐˌʃtʁaɪt] , 'historians' dispute') was a dispute in the late 1980s in West Germany between academics and other intellectuals about how to incorporate Nazi Germany and the Holocaust into German historiography, and more generally into the German people's view of themselves. The dispute was initiated with the Bitburg controversy, which related to a commemorative service at a German military cemetery where members of the Waffen-SS were buried. The service was attended by President of the United States Ronald Reagan, who had been invited by the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. The Bitburg ceremony was widely interpreted in Germany as the beginning of t…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 72

Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian who was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s. In his controversial book Zweierlei Untergang, he wrote that historians should "identify" with the Wehrmacht fighting on the Eastern Front and asserted that there was no moral difference between Allied policies towards Germany in 1944 and 1945 and the genocide waged against the Jews.

Evidence: 46 • authority: 88

The Thirty Years War and German Memory: From ‘ <i>Historikerstreit</i> 2.0’ to a ‘New Germany’. Abstract This essay discusses the return to mainstream scholarship of the idea of the Thirty Years War as the historical traumatization of the German nation. Although constructed by nineteenth-century historians to nationalist ends, this interpretation culminated in the middle of the twentieth century. After 1945, it initially lost its relevance, with West German historians eventually beginning, from the 1960s onwards, to reinterpret the Holy Roman Empire in a much more positive way. Yet, the Historikerstreit of the 1980s and the consequences of German unification altered scholarly—and interpreti…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Unequal Friendship: West Germany, the EEC and ASEAN in the Late 1970s and Early 1980s. This article examines the development of interregional relations between the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Drawing on archival research, it challenges teleological interpretations of interregional cooperation. Instead, it argues that the trajectory of EEC–ASEAN relations was contingent, shaped by shifting Cold War dynamics and unforeseen crises. It further demonstrates that colonial legacies continued to influence perceptions and expectations on both sides, remaining a persistent source of tension within the rela…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

854 <i>Barfußhistoriker</i> and <i>Geschichtswerkstätten</i> – History from Below in West Germany in the Late 1970s and the 1980s

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Michael Stürmer (29 September 1938 – 13 July 2026) was a German conservative historian who specialised in the history of the German Empire (1871–1918). He is best known for his role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s, for his geographical interpretation of German history and for an admiring 2008 biography of Vladimir Putin.

Evidence: 31 • authority: 80

6. Refugees and the Archive of Antiracism in 1980s West Germany

Evidence: 28 • authority: 72

Anti-antisemitism in Germany is the German state's institutionalised opposition to antisemitism, in acknowledgement of the murder of some six million Jews by the Nazi regime in the Holocaust. Anti-antisemitism has been described as "a defining marker of post-war German identity" and a commitment to supporting Israel is considered a Staatsräson, a fundamental principle guiding the German state's actions, a doctrine articulated by German Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2008. Following the 2015 European migrant crisis, the German federal government and most of Germany's states set up commissioners for fighting antisemitism. Many of those arrested and cancelled in Germany over allegations of antise…

Evidence: 26 • authority: 72

[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|The current flag of Germany was originally designed in 1848 and used at the Frankfurt Parliament, then by the Weimar Republic, then by East Germany and West Germany from 1949 and 1989, and then from 1989 to present, right after German reunification.[[File:Reichsadler Manesse.png|thumb|upright=1.9|The Reichsadler ("imperial eagle") from the coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany, dated 1304. The Reichsadler is the predecessor of the Bundesadler with the heraldic animal. (National emblem of Germany).|170x170px]]]] German nationalism (German: Deutscher Nationalismus) is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

The historiography of World War II is the study of how historians portray the causes, conduct, and outcomes of World War II. There are different perspectives on the causes of the war; the three most prominent are the Orthodox from the 1950s, Revisionist from the 1970s, and Post-Revisionism which offers the most contemporary perspective. The orthodox perspective arose during the aftermath of the war. The main historian noted for this perspective is Hugh Trevor-Roper. Orthodox historians argue that Hitler was a master planner who intentionally started World War II due to his strong beliefs on fascism, expansionism, and the supremacy of the German state. Revisionist historians argue that it wa…