mapy-i-podróże: Hernández de Córdoba expedition

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Hernández de Córdoba expedition was a Spanish maritime voyage to the northern Yucatán Peninsula, in the Maya Lowlands, led by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba in early 1517. The campaign was authorized by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, governor of Spanish Cuba, in 1516, and likely set out to kidnap Amerindian islanders of the Lucayan or Bay archipelagos for enslavement in newly found Cuban encomiendas, though discovery of uncharted territory may have been a further aim. Hernández de Córdoba failed to do the former, so the trip proved little profitable for the vecinos of Spanish Cuba who had funded it, but the expedition was nonetheless deemed an immediate success for meeting its secondary ob…

Evidence: 57 • authority: 72

The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores against the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities in the Yucatán Peninsula, a vast limestone plain covering south-eastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and all of Belize. The Spanish conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula was hindered by its politically fragmented state. The Spanish engaged in a strategy of concentrating native populations in newly founded colonial towns. Native resistance to the new nucleated settlements took the form of the flight into inaccessible regions such as the forest or joining neighbouring Maya groups that had not yet submitted to the Spanish. Among the Maya, ambush was a favou…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

The Spanish conquest of the Maya was a protracted conflict during the Spanish colonisation of the Americas, in which the Spanish conquistadores and their allies gradually incorporated the territory of the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities into the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Maya occupied the Maya Region, an area that is now part of the modern countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador; the conquest began in the early 16th century and is generally considered to have ended in 1697. Before the conquest, Maya territory contained a number of competing kingdoms. Many conquistadors viewed the Maya as infidels who needed to be forcefully converted and pacif…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 72

The Spanish conquest of Nicaragua was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores and their Tlaxcaltec allies against the natives of the territory now incorporated into the modern Central American republic of Nicaragua during the colonisation of the Americas. Before European contact in the early 16th century, Nicaragua was inhabited by a number of indigenous peoples. The west was inhabited by Mesoamerican groups such as the Nicarao, the Chorotega, and the Subtiaba. The Nicarao are a Nahua people closely related to the Mexica of Mexico, and were divided into different chiefdoms each ruled by its own chief, such as chief Akatekwtli of Teswatlan in modern-day Chinandega, chief Macuil…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 88

El sistema pronominal átono en la variedad de español en contacto con maya yucateco. In this paper we examine the atonic pronominal system (third person) of Spanish speakers in contact with Yucatec Maya. The corpus included interviews and a language task from 27 participants, who were classified according to their degree of mono/bilinguism and their education level. By means of a multivariate analysis, dependence relations between the variables, with crossings between internal and external ones, were determined. We demonstrate that this system evidences a tendency similar to the one found in other varieties of Spanish in intense language contact: the atonic pronominal forms of accusative te…

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Commerce and Discovery of the Old World

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We Who Have Been Killed on Dark Paths: Faiz Ahmad Faiz's Internationalism and World Literature. Abstract This chapter provides a brief overview of the life and work of Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz (Faiẓ Aḥmad Faiẓ), emphasizing his relationship to world literature and connections across the Global South during the mid‐twentieth‐century heyday of anti‐ and postcolonial movements worldwide. Particularly, it focuses on his contributions to transregionalism and transnationalism in literature and his aesthetic and humanistic legacy. Given recent debates about Eurocentrism in the disciplines of comparative literature, world literature, and area studies, I propose that Faiz offers a global liter…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

The Iberian Peninsula and the First World War: Between neutrality and non-belligerency (1914–1916). This article seeks to analyse the political and diplomatic effects of the outbreak of the First World War on the Iberian Peninsula, considering the relationship between Portugal and Spain in the context of the (dis)equilibria of power caused by the Sarajevo assassination in the summer of 1914, and the debates between neutrality and belligerency that occurred in both countries. Neutral and non-belligerent societies had to legitimate themselves within total war; they had also to reflect on the role played by their respective nations and build an Iberian narrative to sustain it. In this matter,…