rekordy: Tyrannosaurus

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Tyrannosaurus () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. The type species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. Tyrannosaurus had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in geological formations which have been dated to the late Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period, 69 to 66 million years ago, with isolated specimens possibly indicating an earlier origin in the middle Campanian age. It was one of the last known members of the tyrannosaurids and am…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Bone-breaking bite force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the late Eocene of Egypt estimated by finite element analysis.. Bite marks suggest that the late Eocence archaeocete whale Basilosaurus isis (Birket Qarun Formation, Egypt) fed upon juveniles of the contemporary basilosaurid Dorudon atrox. Finite element analysis (FEA) of a nearly complete adult cranium of B. isis enables estimates of its bite force and tests the animal's capabilities for crushing bone. Two loadcases reflect different biting scenarios: 1) an intitial closing phase, with all adductors active and a full condylar reaction force; and 2) a shearing phase, with the posterior temporalis active and minimized con…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Investigating the running abilities of <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> using stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis.. The running ability of Tyrannosaurus rex has been intensively studied due to its relevance to interpretations of feeding behaviour and the biomechanics of scaling in giant predatory dinosaurs. Different studies using differing methodologies have produced a very wide range of top speed estimates and there is therefore a need to develop techniques that can improve these predictions. Here we present a new approach that combines two separate biomechanical techniques (multibody dynamic analysis and skeletal stress analysis) to demonstrate that true running gaits would probably le…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 88

The Evolution of Hunting Strategies in Tyrannosaurus rex: Analyzing Bite Force and Predatory Behavior. This literature review aims to gain a deeper understanding of the anatomy behind the jaw strength of Tyrannosaurus rex and analyze how these features contribute to its predatory behavior. This review will examine various studies and fossil excavations, exploring ideas such as the bite force of T. rex and its variations across different life stages. This will be obtained from numerous biomechanical models of both juvenile and adult Tyrannosaurus rex, as well as reference animals and dinosaurs for comparison. To provide additional information behind T. rex’s hunting techniques, we will also…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Lower rotational inertia and larger leg muscles indicate more rapid turns in tyrannosaurids than in other large theropods.. Synopsis Tyrannosaurid dinosaurs had large preserved leg muscle attachments and low rotational inertia relative to their body mass, indicating that they could turn more quickly than other large theropods. Methods To compare turning capability in theropods, we regressed agility estimates against body mass, incorporating superellipse-based modeled mass, centers of mass, and rotational inertia (mass moment of inertia). Muscle force relative to body mass is a direct correlate of agility in humans, and torque gives potential angular acceleration. Agility scores therefore in…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Peer Review #3 of "Bite force estimates in juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex based on simulated puncture marks (v0.1)"

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The largest extant animal, as well as the largest animal to ever exist, is the blue whale. The maximum recorded weight was 190 tonnes for a specimen measuring 27.6 metres (91 ft), whereas longer ones, up to 33.6 metres (110 ft), have been recorded but not weighed. It is estimated that this individual could have a mass of 250 tonnes or more. The longest non-colonial animal is the lion's mane jellyfish (120 ft, 36.6 m). While controversial, estimates for the weight of the sauropod Bruhathkayosaurus suggest it was around 110–170 tons, with the highest estimate being 240 tons, if scaled with Patagotitan, although actual fossil remains no longer exist, and that estimation is based on described d…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Peer Review #2 of "Bite force estimates in juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex based on simulated puncture marks (v0.1)"

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Table 10: Data used in the correlation test of bite force and maturity in <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> .

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Figure 13: Scatterplot showing the congruence in <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> between bite force (i.e., and maturity).

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

Nanotyrannus (/ˈnænoʊˌtaɪˌrænəs, -tɪ- /, NAN-o-ti-RAN-us) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur that lived in what is now western North America during the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous, 67 to 66 million years ago. Its fossils are mainly known from the Hell Creek Formation. It was one of the last-known non-avian dinosaurs and lived until the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The first named species, N. lancensis, was described as a new species of Gorgosaurus in 1946 by Charles W. Gilmore based on a single skull. Re-examination of the specimen in 1988 by Robert T. Bakker, Michael Williams and Philip J. Currie moved the species to a new genus of tyrannosaurid, named Nanotyrannu…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction media franchise. It focuses on the cloning of prehistoric animals (mainly non-avian dinosaurs) through ancient DNA extracted from mosquitoes that have been fossilized in amber. The franchise explores the ethics of cloning and genetic engineering and the morals behind de-extinction, commercialization of science, and animal cruelty. The franchise began in 1990 with the release of Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park. A 1993 film adaptation, also titled Jurassic Park, was directed by Steven Spielberg. Crichton then wrote a sequel novel, The Lost World (1995), and Spielberg directed its film adaptation, Th…