transport: Turkey

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First in…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Its estimated population was 86,092,168, of which 1,519,515 were foreign residents as of 31 December 2025, according to the Turkish Statistical Institute. This official population number excludes the registered Syrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.21 million as of 3 September 2026. Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians, Arabs, Assyr…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Turkey by population, which includes cities and towns that are provincial capitals or have a population of at least 7,000. The total population of Turkey is 86,092,168 according to the 2025 end of the year estimate, making it the 18th most populated country in the world. Since there are no defined city borders in Turkey, it is hard to estimate the exact populations of urban areas. However a rough estimate for the top cities is as follows. Istanbul, Turkey's economic and cultural center, is the largest city of the country with a population of c. 17 million. It is the 26th most populous urban agglomeration in the world and the second in Europe…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations (Greek: Σύμβαση για την Ανταλλαγή των ελληνικών και τουρκικών Πληθυσμών, romanized: Symvasi gia eis Antallagi ton ellinikon kai tourkikon Plithysmon, Turkish: Türk ve Yunan Nüfuslarının Mübadelesine İlişkin Sözleşme), also known as the Lausanne Convention, was an agreement between the Greek and Turkish governments signed by their representatives in Lausanne on 30 January 1923, in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. The agreement provided for the simultaneous expulsion of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece (particularly from the north of the country) to Turkey. These inv…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

TURKEY: MORE THAN A MILLION PEOPLE DEMAND FREEDOM FOR AMNESTY CHAIR AS TRIAL RESUMES

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Political-Social Movements: Ethnic and Minority: Turkey

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Turkish may refer to: Something related to Turkey Turkish language Turkish alphabet Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire The word that Iranian Azerbaijanis use for the Azerbaijani language Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey), 1299–1922, previously sometimes known as the Turkish Empire Ottoman Turkish, the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire Turkish Airlines, an airline Turkish music (style), a musical style of European composers of the Classical music era Turkish, a character in the 2000 film Snatch

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Turkish Americans (Turkish: Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks (Amerikalı Türkler) are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority of Turkish Americans trace their roots to Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkis…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Turks (Turkish: Türkler), or Turkish people, are the largest Turkic ethnic group, comprising the majority of the population of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. They generally speak the various Turkish dialects. In addition, centuries-old ethnic Turkish communities still exist across other former territories of the Ottoman Empire. Article 66 of the Constitution of Turkey defines a Turk as anyone who is a citizen of the Turkish state. While the legal use of the term Turkish as it pertains to a citizen of Turkey is different from the term's ethnic definition, the majority of the Turkish population (an estimated 70 to 75 percent) are of Turkish ethnicity. The vast majority of Turks are Sunni Muslims…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Turkish diaspora (Turkish: Türk diasporası or Türk gurbetçiler) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, the Republic of Turkey, Northern Cyprus or other modern nation-states that were once part of the former Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the Turkish diaspora is not only formed by people with roots from mainland Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (i.e. the modern Turkish borders); rather, it is also formed of Turkish communities which have also left traditional areas of Turkish settlements in the Balkans (such as Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, etc.), the island of Cyprus, the region of Meskhetia in Georgia, and the Arab world (s…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Turks in Germany, also referred to as German Turks and Turkish Germans (German: Türken in Deutschland or Deutschtürken; Turkish: Almanya'daki Türkler, also known as Gurbetçiler or Almancılar), are ethnic Turkish people living in Germany. These terms are also used to refer to German-born individuals who are of full or partial Turkish ancestry. However, not all people in Germany who trace their heritage back to Turkey are ethnic Turks. A significant proportion of the population is also of Kurdish, Circassian, Azerbaijani descent and to a lesser extent, of Christian descent, such as Assyrian, and Armenian. Also some ethnic Turkish communities in Germany trace their ancestry to other parts of s…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Turkey. According to various estimates, they compose between 15% and 25% of the population of Turkey. There are Kurds living in various provinces of Turkey, but they are primarily concentrated in the east and southeast of the country within the region viewed by Kurds as Turkish Kurdistan. During the violent suppressions of numerous Kurdish rebellions since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, such as the Sheikh Said Rebellion, the Ararat rebellion, and the Dersim Rebellion, massacres have periodically been committed against the Kurds, with one prominent incident being the Zilan Massacre. The Turkish government categorized Kurds as…