zwierzęta: AI anthropomorphism

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

AI anthropomorphism is the attribution of human-like feelings, mental states, and behavioral characteristics to artificial intelligence systems. Factors related to the user of the AI – such as culture, age, education, gender, and personality traits – are also important determinants of the strength of anthropomorphic effects. Since the earliest days of AI development, humans have interpreted machine outputs through anthropomorphic frameworks, but the recent emergence of generative AI has amplified these tendencies. Terms such as learning, understanding, reasoning, thinking, hallucinating and planning are frequently used in AI research to describe capabilities of AI systems, without necessari…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of research in engineering, mathematics, and computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximise their chances of achieving defined goals. High-profile applications of AI include advanced web search engines, chatbots, virtual assistants, autonomous vehicles, play and analysis in strategy games (e.g., chess and Go), and content generation (e.g…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Origins and Evolution of Imagination, From Australopithecus to Modern-Day Deep Learning.. Where does imagination come from? How did it originate, and which organisms are capable of imagination? What deeper connections does imagination share with consciousness, survival, and the very essence of life? Across both scientific literature and public discourse, imagination is invoked to describe a wide range of phenomena, including artistic creativity, problem solving, symbolic thought, and mental imagery, much like the concept of consciousness, whose interpretation varies across theoretical perspectives. This conceptual breadth motivates the need for a more precise theoretical specification of im…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Ethics and Regulation of Human Brain Organoid Research: Recommendations from the Asia Pacific Neuroethics Working Group.. Human brain organoids (HBOs) are three-dimensional structures derived from human stem cells that model aspects of brain development and function, offering potentially unprecedented opportunities for studying neurological disorders and for developing treatments. This consensus paper presents recommendations from the Asia Pacific Neuroethics Working Group, developed through interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, bioethicists, philosophers, and legal scholars who convened in Singapore in November 2024. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the ethical, legal, an…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical type of artificial intelligence that matches or surpasses human capabilities across virtually all cognitive tasks. Unlike artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), whose competence is confined to well‑defined tasks, an AGI system can generalise knowledge, transfer skills between domains, and solve novel problems without task‑specific reprogramming. Creating AGI is a stated goal of technology companies such as OpenAI, Google, SpaceXAI, and Meta. A 2020 survey identified 72 active AGI research and development projects across 37 countries. AGI is a common topic in science fiction and futures studies. Contention exists over whether AGI represe…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

Understanding Trust in Conversational AI: Emotional Reliance, Anthropomorphism, and Human-AI Relationships. As conversational AI is becoming more and more common in daily life, it is more and more important to understand how users establish meaningful relationships with AI. Through a survey of 105 conversational AI users, this study tested the relationships among Anthropomorphism, Emotional Reliance, Trust, Attachment, and Social Substitution. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses showed that although Anthropomorphism and Emotional Reliance were positively related to Trust, Emotional Reliance was a stronger independent predictor. Trust was further related to Attachment, and…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

Artificial consciousness, also known as machine consciousness, synthetic consciousness, or digital consciousness, is consciousness hypothesized to be possible for artificial intelligence. It is also the corresponding field of study, which draws insights from philosophy of mind, philosophy of artificial intelligence, cognitive science and neuroscience. The term "sentience" can be used when specifically designating ethical considerations stemming from a form of phenomenal consciousness (P-consciousness, or the ability to feel qualia). Since sentience involves the ability to experience ethically positive or negative (i.e., valenced) mental states, it may justify welfare concerns and legal prot…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Consciousness is being aware of something internal to one's self, or of states or objects in one's external environment. It has been the topic of extensive explanations, analyses, and debate among philosophers, scientists, and theologians for millennia. There is no consensus on what exactly needs to be studied, or whether consciousness can be considered a scientific concept. In some explanations it is synonymous with mind, while in others it is considered an aspect of it. In the past, consciousness meant one's "inner life": the world of introspection, private thought, imagination, and volition. Today, it often includes various forms of cognition, experience, feeling, or perception. It may b…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Grok is a series of generative AI large language models developed by SpaceXAI. It was launched in November 2023 by Elon Musk as an initiative based on the large language model (LLM) of the same name. Grok has apps for iOS and Android and is integrated with the X social network and Tesla's Optimus robot where it has chatbot functionality. Grok is named after the verb to grok, created by the American science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein to convey a form of deep, intuitive understanding. SpaceXAI has released several Grok models. Grok-1 was open-sourced in 2024, followed by Grok-2, Grok 3, and Grok 4 model families, with Grok 4.5 released in 2026. Different versions added capabilities inc…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Neuro-symbolic AI describes a relatively newer approach to artificial intelligence that combines neural networks and symbolic AI approaches, such as knowledge representation and automated reasoning, to create more robust, more reliable, and more trustworthy AI. This combination allows statistical patterns to be combined with explicitly defined rules and knowledge to give AI systems the ability to better represent, reason and generalize. Thus, neuro-symbolic AI provides a reasoning infrastructure to state-of-the-art machine learning for solving a wider range of problems more effectively. Neuro-symbolic AI recognises the value of deep learning as the “substrate” of AI that provides efficient…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses generative models to generate text, images, videos, audio, computer code or other forms of digital data. These models learn the underlying patterns and structures of their training data, and use them to generate new data in response to input, which often takes the form of natural language prompts. The prevalence of generative AI tools has increased significantly since the AI boom of the early 2020s. This boom was made possible by improvements in deep neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), which are based on the transformer architecture. Generative AI applications include c…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Institutional Anthropomorphic Error.. Sakr proposes institutional anthropomorphic error (the projection of role-based authority onto AI systems that cannot bear a role's constitutive obligations) as a third kind of error to be added to my distinction between metaphysical and pragmatic anthropomorphic error. I argue that the proposal is better understood as belonging to a second category of anthropomorphism than a third kind of error within an existing one. To 'anthropomorphise' a system may mean either seeing it as human-like (anthropomorphic cognition) or presenting it as human-like (anthropomorphic presentation). Metaphysical and pragmatic error are two kinds of error in anthropomorphic c…