Niezwykłe właściwości grzybów

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Panellus stipticus, commonly known as the bitter oyster, the astringent panus, the luminescent panellus, or the stiptic fungus, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It is the type species of the genus Panellus. The fungus was given its current scientific name in 1879, but has been known by many names since French mycologist Jean Bulliard first described it as Agaricus stypticus in 1783. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed P. stipticus to have a close genetic relationship with members of the genus Mycena. Starting out as tiny white knobs, over a period of one to three months, the mushrooms develop into fan- or kidney-shaped caps that measure up to 3 cm (1.2 in) broad. The ca…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A photophore is a specialized anatomical structure found in a variety of organisms that emits light through the process of bioluminescence. This light may be produced endogenously by the organism itself (non-symbiotic) or generated through a mutualistic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria (symbiotic), resulting in light production on a glandular organ of animals. Light organs are most commonly found in marine animals, including many species of fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye, equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters, and reflectors; unlike an eye, however, it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it. In the context of developmenta…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Foxfire, also called fairy fire and chimpanzee fire, is the bioluminescence created by some species of fungi present in decaying wood. The bluish-green glow is attributed to a luciferase, an oxidative enzyme, which emits light as it reacts with a luciferin. The phenomenon has been known since ancient times, with its source determined in 1823.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

This list of bioluminescent fungi has more than 125 known species found largely in temperate and tropical climates. They are members of the order Agaricales (Basidiomycota) with one possible exceptional ascomycete belonging to the order Xylariales. All known bioluminescent Agaricales are mushroom-forming, white-spored agarics that belong to four distinct evolutionary lineages. The Omphalotus lineage (comprising the genera Omphalotus and Neonothopanus) contains 12 species, the Armillaria lineage has 10 known species, while the Mycenoid lineage (Favolachia, Mycena, Panellus, Prunulus, Roridomyces) has more than 50 species. The recently discovered Lucentipes lineage contains two species, Mycen…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Bioluminescence is the production of light by an organism as the result of a chemiluminescence reaction. It occurs in a wide variety of organisms, including marine vertebrates and invertebrates, terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies, some fungi, and microorganisms such as some bacteria and dinoflagellates. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus Vibrio; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. Bioluminescence has evolved independently at least 94 times, first emerging in octocorals some 540 million years ago. In most cases, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the reaction of a…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Shedding light on the fungal darkness: cave fungi from the Southern Espinhaço mountain range of Minas Gerais. Interest in cave fungal diversity is flourishing because it may represent a reservoir of new species and metabolites. However, the mycobiota remains poorly studied in the underground environment, especially in Neotropical regions. During surveys that aimed to investigate the fungal diversity in quartzite and karst caves in the Southern Espinhaço Mountain in Brazil, six Chaetomiaceae isolates were obtained from different cave substrates. Five taxonomical novelties of Chaetomiaceae in Brazilian caves were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from ITS, LSU, TUB…