produkty: Afghanistan

Evidence: 77 • authority: 72

The Durrani Empire, colloquially known as the Kingdom of Afghanistan, the Afghan Empire, or the Sadozai Kingdom, was an Afghan empire founded in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, of the Pashtun Durrani tribe. The empire spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent. At its peak, it ruled over present-day Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Alongside the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered one of the most significant Islamic empires of the second half of the 18th century. Ahmad was the son of Muhammad Zaman Khan, chief of the Abdali tribe, and the commander of Nader…

Evidence: 63 • authority: 72

The Nawabs of Mankera was an influential princely state or chieftaincy centered in Mankera. It had strategic importance during the late Mughal, Durrani, and early Sikh periods. In the mid-1700s, Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire, granted control of Mankera and surrounding areas to Nawab Sarbuland Khan, a Sadozai noble. The Nawabs of Mankera established a semi-independent principality, loyal to the Durrani Empire but ruled autonomously. The Sadozai Nawabs of Mankera ruled over large areas of western Punjab, including parts of Dera Ismail Khan, Layyah, Bhakkar, and Mianwali, during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Their capital was the fortified city of Mankera.

Evidence: 57 • authority: 72

The Durrani dynasty, also called the Sadozai dynasty, was founded in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani at Kandahar, Afghanistan. He united all Pashtun tribes and created the Durrani Empire. which at its peak included the modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, as well as some parts of northeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India, including the Kashmir Valley. The Durranis were replaced by the Barakzai dynasty in 1823. Ahmad Shah and his descendants were from the Sadozai subclan of Popalzai line of the Durranis (formerly known as Abdalis), making them the second Pashtun rulers of Kandahar after the Hotak dynasty. The Durranis were notable in the second half of the 18th century mainly d…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 80

State, Parliament and Empire in the Mid 18th Century: Hudson's Bay and the Parliamentary Enquiry of 1749

Evidence: 40 • authority: 88

Nader Shah, the Delhi Loot, and the 18th-Century Exotics of Empire. The famous plunder of Delhi that followed the 1739 defeat of the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal by Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747) represents, in retrospect, the last world-conquering design to have risen from the Islamicate world before the 20th century. This chapter argues that Nader Shah’s building projects, initiated after the Indian campaign, introduced a self-consciously historicized articulation of an Indo-Persian empire in the 18th century. His venture, echoing those of Timur in his post-Indian conquest, included looting of building materials and technologies that were made available by hundreds of Indian craftsmen and a…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

This is a timeline of the 18th century . 1700–1721: Great Northern War between the Russian and Swedish Empires . 1701: Kingdom of Prussia declared under

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

Transporting Knowledge in the Durrani Empire. Until the upheavals caused by the Soviet invasion, the leaders of the Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufi order formed Afghanistan’s religious establishment. How this came about, however, has never been previously ascertained. This chapter examines how Muslim religious knowledge was first transmitted to Afghanistan from India through the lens of Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufi manuals composed in Kabul and Peshawar at the turn of the nineteenth century. The chapter argues that these texts represent a new “handbook” genre, merging mystical theology and praxis. Before the advent of a regional print culture, they served as easily replicable tools enabling the effi…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. The Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a Timurid prince hailing from the Fergana Valley in Central Asia, who, with assistance from the Safavid and Ottoman empires, defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat and swept down the plains of northern India. The Mughal imperial structure, how…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

Afghanistan at War. Covering wars and conflicts of Afghanistan from the modern founding of the country in the 1700s to the contemporary struggle with the Taliban, this single-volume reference analyzes the causes and results of Afghanistan's wars and examines leading political and military figures, weapons, and tactics. Afghanistan has been embroiled in war and conflict throughout the latter part of the 20th century as well as the current millennium, but due to its location at the crossroads of Central Asia, Afghanistan has also endured repeated conquests throughout its turbulent earlier times. Examining Afghanistan's long military history through this book will enable readers to grasp the w…

Evidence: — • authority: 65