fermentacja: Spotted hyena

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN due to its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. Populations of Crocuta, usually considered a subspecies of Crocuta crocuta, known as cave hyenas, roamed across Eurasia for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest extant member of the Hyaenidae, and…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

The Spotted Hyena. A Study of Predation and Social Behavior

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behavior, by Hans Krusk [Review]

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Social intelligence and the brain in the spotted hyena

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

The Effect of Social Rank on Reproductive Traits Depends on Rank Metric: Evidence From a Group-Living Carnivore.. Group-living animals form dominance hierarchies to mediate competition among members. The social rank of individuals determines their access to resources such as food and mates, as well as their exposure and opportunities to respond to social challenges. High rank often translates into greater reproductive success, but the strength of this correlation may vary considerably depending on the rank metric and the reproductive trait studied. Here, we investigated the predictive ability of two rank metrics-ordinal and standardised ranks-assumed to capture distinct underlying mechanism…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

The legacy of privilege: Social inheritance reverses sex differences in reproductive inequality in the spotted hyena.. Inequalities in reproductive success among females and males shape natural and sexual selection. For sexually reproducing species, the Darwin-Bateman paradigm predicts greater reproductive inequality in males than females. A mechanism driving reproductive inequality in humans and other animals is social inheritance of privilege. Here, we show that this mechanism can reverse the male bias in reproductive inequality. Using a 29-year dataset spanning eight generations of spotted hyenas ( Crocuta crocuta ), a species in which social rank and privileges are inherited from the mo…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Long-Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) in a Lion-Depleted but Prey-Rich Ecosystem.. Interspecific competition has strongly shaped the evolution of large carnivore guilds. In Africa, the lion ( Panthera leo ) and spotted hyena ( Crocuta crocuta, hereafter hyena ) exert direct and indirect competitive impacts on each other and on subordinate guild members. The impacts of competition on demography are complex and not well understood. With carnivore guilds now ubiquitously impacted by humans, disentangling the effects of interspecific competition and other drivers of hyena demography is important. Western Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) provides a uniq…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Fission-Fusion Group Dynamics and Cooperative Hunting Stabilise Social Carnivore Populations.. Theory suggests that large social groups of carnivores should be unsustainable, due to reduced foraging efficiency because of overlapping perception radii. Using Serengeti lions as a case study, we apply behaviourally based foraging models to show that fragmentation of social groups into smaller subgroups or mutual cooperation during hunting are both plausible hypothetical mechanisms capable of sustaining larger lion prides. Data from the Serengeti ecosystem demonstrate that lion prides typically fragment into small hunting groups that are well approximated by an exponential distribution of group…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Comparative neuroimaging of the carnivoran brain: Neocortical sulcal anatomy. Carnivorans are an important study object for comparative neuroscience, as they exhibit a wide range of behaviours, ecological adaptations, and social structures. Previous studies have mainly examined relative brain size, but a comprehensive understanding of brain diversity requires the investigation of other aspects of their neuroanatomy. Here, we obtained primarily post-mortem brain scans from twenty-six species of the order Carnivora, spanning across eight families with diverse representatives and including additional individuals for selected species, to create the largest Carnivoran brain collection to date. W…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Between-species variation in neocortical sulcal anatomy of the carnivoran brain.. Carnivorans are an important study object for comparative neuroscience, as they exhibit a wide range of behaviours, ecological adaptations, and social structures. Previous studies have mainly examined relative brain size, but a comprehensive understanding of brain diversity requires the investigation of other aspects of their neuroanatomy. Here, we obtained primarily post-mortem brain scans from 26 species of the order Carnivora, spanning across eight families with diverse representatives and including additional individuals for selected species, to create the largest carnivoran brain collection to date. We re…