najbardziej-odległe: History of Thailand

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Ban Na Di is a prehistoric archaeological site at the same name village in Pung Ngoo subdistrict (ตำบลพังงู), Udon Thani province, northeast Thailand. It lies in the Sakon Nakhon Basin, in the northern reaches of the Khorat Plateau, about 20 km south of Ban Chiang. Burials at the site have yielded ornaments of marine shell and stone, and silk from two Bronze Age graves dated to between 900 and 500 BCE. Bronze was cast on the site through the Bronze Age and into the Iron Age.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Ban Lum Khao (Thai: บ้านหลุมข้าว) is a Bronze Age archaeological site on the Khorat Plateau of northeastern Thailand. It lies in Lum Khao subdistrict, Non Sung district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, in the upper Mun valley, 7.6 km south-east of Ban Non Wat. Occupation has been placed in the later Neolithic, about 1400 to 1100 BCE, and continued into the Iron Age. The dead were wrapped or placed in log coffins, and the Bronze Age graves lie in rows. Its cemetery has been read as that of an egalitarian community, several of the women buried there having been raised elsewhere. The male remains show wider variation in stature and more osteoarthritis than the female. In 2011 the site was one of f…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Ban Non Wat is an archaeological site in Non Sung district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, near Phimai. It has been under excavation since 2002. The site covers about 20 hectares. The cultural sequence encompasses 11 prehistoric phases, which include 640 burials. Occupation runs from a Neolithic settlement placed in the 17th century BC through the Bronze and Iron Ages. The modern village of the same name lies nearer the Mun River. The site's chronology and the reading of its grave goods have both been questioned. Excavations show that people were occupying the region during the Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Ages. The sequence rests on 76 radiocarbon determinations treated with Bayesian…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Ban Chiang (Thai: บ้านเชียง, pronounced [bâːn tɕʰīaŋ] ; Northeastern Thai: บ้านเซียง, pronounced [bâːn sîaŋ]) is an archaeological site in Nong Han district, Udon Thani province, Thailand. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992. Discovered in 1966, the site first drew attention for its red-painted pottery. Excavation has since recovered evidence of early agriculture, locally made bronze and more than a hundred burials, from which the health and diet of the people buried there have been studied. The date of the earliest metalworking at the site is disputed, with proposals ranging from about 2000 BCE to about 1000 BCE. In 2008 the United States Department of Justice, following a…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 80

Appendix: Lists of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Sites Included in the Project

Evidence: 30 • authority: 80

Occupation Sites on a Chiltern Ridge: Excavations at Puddlehill and Sites Near Dunstable, Bedfordshire. Pt. I Neolithic Bronze Age and Early Iron Age

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

The Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe. An ancient civilisation or culture is deemed part of the Bronze Age if it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from producing areas elsewhere. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of the three-age system, following the Stone Age and preceding the Iron Age. Conceived as a global era, the Bronze Age follows the Neolithic ("New Stone") period, with a transition period between the two known as the Chalcolithic ("copp…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 80

Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The known early history of Thailand begins with the earliest major archaeological site at Ban Chiang. Dating of artifacts from this site is controversial, but there is a consensus that at least by 3600 BCE, inhabitants had developed bronze tools and had begun to cultivate wet rice, providing the impetus for social and political organisation. Later, Malay, Mon, and Khmer civilisations flourished in the region prior to the domination of the Thais, most notably the kingdom of Srivijaya in the south, the Dvaravati kingdom in central Thailand, and the Khmer Empire based at Angkor. The Thai are part of a larger ethno-linguistic group known as the Tai, a group which includes the Lao, the people of…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Origin and Composition of Korean Ethnicity Analyzed by Ancient and Present-Day Genome Sequences.. Koreans are thought to be an ethnic group of admixed northern and southern subgroups. However, the exact genetic origins of these two remain unclear. In addition, the past admixture is presumed to have taken place on the Korean peninsula, but there is no genomic scale analysis exploring the origin, composition, admixture, or the past migration of Koreans. Here, 88 Korean genomes compared with 91 other present-day populations showed two major genetic components of East Siberia and Southeast Asia. Additional paleogenomic analysis with 115 ancient genomes from Pleistocene hunter-gatherers to I…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Unraveling the mitochondrial phylogenetic landscape of Thailand reveals complex admixture and demographic dynamics.. The evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial DNA within the Thai population were comprehensively explored with a specific focus on the influence of South Asian admixture. A total of 166 samples were collected through randomized sampling, ensuring a diverse representation. Our findings unveil substantial genetic and haplogroup diversity within the Thai population. We have identified 164 haplotypes categorized into 97 haplogroups, with a notable inclusion of 20 novel haplogroups. The distribution of haplogroups exhibited variations across different populations and countries. The…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Genomic continuity of Tai-Kadai-speaking populations from Southern China to Northern Thailand.. Background Migration is a microevolutionary process that shapes cultural, societal, and genetic diversity in human populations. While previous genetic studies have examined the effects of migrations in several key areas of the world, there is a paucity of such studies in the upper Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The upper GMS, encompassing northern Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and southern China, has been a major corridor for human migration and interaction between East and Southeast Asian populations for thousands of years. Results We generated new genome-wide data for Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking ethnic…