gady-i-płazy: Great American Interchange

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), also known as the Great American Interchange and the Great American Faunal Interchange, was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic biotic interchange event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from North America to South America via Central America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor, forming a land bridge between the previously separated continents. Although earlier dispersals had occurred, probably over water, the migration accelerated dramatically about 2.7 million years (Ma) ago during the Piacenzian age. It resulted from the joining of the Neotropic (roughly South American) and Nearctic…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and illustrator. He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from Charles Darwin's writings on the topic. It spurred Darwin to set aside the "big species book" he was drafting and to quickly write an abstract of it, which was published in 1859 as On the Origin of Species. Wallace did extensive fieldwork, starting in the Amazon River basin. He then did fieldwork in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separate…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 92

Historical Biogeography of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean: Did GAARlandia play a role?. The Caribbean archipelago is a region with an extremely complex geological history and an outstanding plant diversity with high levels of endemism. The aim of this study was to better understand the historical assembly and evolution of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean, by first determining divergence times of endemic genera to test whether the hypothesized Greater Antilles and Aves Ridge (GAARlandia) land bridge played a role in the archipelago colonization and second by testing South America as the main colonization source as expected by the position of landmasses and recent eviden…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 72

Jane Margaret Byrne (née Burke; May 24, 1933 – November 14, 2014) was an American politician who served as the 50th mayor of Chicago from April 16, 1979, until April 29, 1983. Prior to her tenure as mayor, Byrne served as Chicago's commissioner of consumer sales from 1969 until 1977 under Mayor Richard J. Daley, the only woman in the mayoral cabinet. Byrne won the 1979 Chicago mayoral election on April 3, 1979 becoming the first female mayor of the city, and causing an upheaval in beating the city's political machine. She was the first woman to be elected mayor of a major city in the United States, as Chicago was the second largest city in the United States at the time. Byrne narrowly lost…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 80

Plants, Their Pollinating Bees, and the Great American Interchange

Evidence: 21 • authority: 80

Mammal Faunas of Xeric Habitats and the Great American Interchange

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The 2017 IBS Alfred Russel Wallace Award

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The 2015 IBS Alfred Russel Wallace Award

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The 2015 IBS Alfred Russel Wallace Award

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The Great American Biotic Interchange

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Wallace's fruit dove (Ptilinopus wallacii) is a species of a bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. The name commemorates the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace. It is a rather large, long-tailed fruit dove with a length of 24–28 cm (9.4–11.0 in) and has been described as "one of the most beautiful" fruit doves. The forehead and crown are dull crimson, the lower face and throat are white, and the rest of the head, breast, neck, and upper back are pale bluish-grey. The wings and lower back are green and the belly is orange, separated from the chest by a white band. Both sexes look similar, but females have less extensive red on the head and a greenish tinge to their grey parts. Endemic…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Alfred Russel Wallace Correspondence Project (WCP) is an ongoing scholarly initiative to create an archive (digital and in print) of the letters and manuscripts of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913). Wallace, a 19th‑century British naturalist and explorer, is best known as the co‑discoverer (with Charles Darwin) of evolution by natural selection and as the "father" of evolutionary biogeography. The project's purpose is to locate, digitize, catalogue, transcribe and publish the surviving correspondence to and from Wallace, plus his other manuscripts such as notebooks, and make them freely accessible and searchable. It seeks to uncover new insights into Wallace's life and work — from evolu…