technologia: Skyscraper

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the third-most populous city in the United States and the fifth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2.74 million at the 2020 census. The Chicago metropolitan area has approximately 9.62 million residents according to the 2020 census and is the third-largest metropolitan statistical area in the country and part of the fourth-largest combined statistical area in the United States, spanning 19 counties in three states and with a population of nearly 10 million. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, the second-most p…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The earliest stage of skyscraper design encompasses buildings built between 1884 and 1945, predominantly in American cities, especially New York and Chicago. Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the American Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s. Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting. These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Art Deco architecture flourished in New York City during the 1920s and 1930s. The style broke with many traditional architectural conventions and was characterized by verticality, ornamentation, and building materials such as plastics, metals, and terra cotta. Art Deco is found in government edifices, commercial projects, and residential buildings in all five boroughs. The architecture of the period was influenced by worldwide decorative arts trends, the rise of mechanization, and New York City's 1916 Zoning Resolution, which favored the setback feature in many buildings. The exuberant economy of the Roaring Twenties and commercial speculation spurred a citywide building boom. The size and…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States. It is located at the southern tip of New York State on New York Harbor, one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs—Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island—each being coextensive with its respective county. It is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States by both population and urban area. New York is a global center of technology, finance, commerce, culture, entertainment and media, academics and scientific output, the arts and fashi…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 88

The Second Skyscraper City. Chicago in 1950 was economically and architecturally moribund; after eight decades of unprecedented economic growth, the Great Depression crushed the city’s real estate market. The 1934 Field Building would be the last skyscraper built in the Loop for twenty years and, despite efforts by civic boosters the “Second City” saw only stagnation and decline. A new generation of architects and engineers, however, stood waiting. Some were products of the city’s prior booms, opening firms that were hungry for any opportunity to innovate. Others were new arrivals—in particular Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, whose arrival as the new director of the Armour Institute’s (later the…

Evidence: — • authority: 65