miasta-i-wioski: Chesham

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Chesham ( CHESH-əm, locally CHESS-əm or CHEZ-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom, 11 miles (18 km) south-east of the county town of Aylesbury, about 26 miles (42 km) north-west of central London, and part of the London commuter belt. It is in the Chess Valley, surrounded by farmland. The earliest records of Chesham as a settlement are from the second half of the 10th century, although there is archaeological evidence of people in this area from around 8000 BC. Henry III granted a royal charter for a weekly market in 1257. Chesham is known for its four Bs — boots, beer, brushes and Baptists. In the face of fierce competition from both home and ab…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Dorking () is a market town in Surrey in South East England about 21 mi (34 km) south-west of London. It is in Mole Valley District and the council headquarters are to the east of the centre. The High Street runs roughly east–west, parallel to the Pipp Brook and along the northern face of an outcrop of Lower Greensand. The town is bordered on three sides by the Surrey Hills National Landscape and is close to Box Hill and Leith Hill. The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity is from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, and there are several Bronze Age bowl barrows in the local area. The town may have been the site of a staging post on Stane Street during Roman times, however th…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

Leatherhead is a town in the Mole Valley district of Surrey, England, about 17 mi (27 km) south of Central London. The settlement grew up beside a ford on the River Mole, from which its name is thought to derive. During the late Anglo-Saxon period, Leatherhead was a royal vill and is first mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great in 880 AD. The first bridge across the Mole may have been constructed in around 1200 and this may have coincided with the expansion of the town and the enlargement of the parish church. For much of its history, Leatherhead was primarily an agricultural settlement, with a weekly market being held until the mid-Elizabethan era. The construction of turnpike roads in…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 88

Late Foragers and First Farmers (8000–3700 BC). This chapter spans an important period division. It considers both the ‘Mesolithic’ hunter-gatherers of the study area, and the first ‘Neolithic’ farmers. The relationship between them is one of the most important issues to be investigated by prehistoric archaeology, but it is also one of the most contentious. The period between 8000 and 3700 BC saw the change from a reliance on wild resources to a new subsistence economy based on the ownership of domesticated plants and animals. It must have involved completely new forms of social organization. The transition between these phases occurred at different times in different parts of north-west Eu…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 72

Although the name Buckinghamshire is Anglo Saxon in origin meaning The district (scire) of Bucca's home (referring to Buckingham in the north of the county) the name has only been recorded since about the 12th century. The historic county itself has been in existence since it was a subdivision of the kingdom of Wessex in the 10th century. It was formed out of about 200 communities that could between them fund a castle in Buckingham, to defend against invading Danes.

Evidence: 26 • authority: 88

Mainake: the Legend and the New Archaeological Evidence. This chapter re-examines the location of the legendary city of Mainake. The main source of information about Mainake is the fourth-century poem Ora Maritima and the older anonymous text concerning a periplous . These sources contradict the findings of archaeological studies. This chapter suggests that if it is to be accepted that Mainake was ancient Malaka, and geo-archaeological evidence taken into consideration, then there would be two stages in the socio-political and urban formation of one and the same city. The earliest or colonial stage would be situated on the islet of Villar, while the other on the mainland, in the cover of Ma…