polska: Winterval

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Winterval was a season of public events in Birmingham, England, organised by Birmingham City Council in each of two consecutive winters: first from 20 November to 31 December 1997, and then again from mid-October 1998 to mid-January 1999. The intention was to encourage people into the newly rejuvenated city centre, with secular and religious events marking religious and other occasions, including Christmas, during the relevant period. The name "Winterval" has since become used in the UK as shorthand for what are misrepresented as attempts to "rebrand" Christmas so as not to exclude non-Christians.

Evidence: 26 • authority: 88

YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. This case is concerned with the identification of public bodies and public functions under s. 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.

Evidence: 26 • authority: 88

YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. This case is concerned with the identification of public bodies and public functions under s. 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.

Evidence: 26 • authority: 88

YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in YL v Birmingham City Council [2007] UKHL 27, House of Lords. This case is concerned with the identification of public bodies and public functions under s. 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.

Evidence: 23 • authority: 80

Robertson, Sir John, (8 Oct. 1862–16 Dec. 1936), late Medical Officer of Health, City of Birmingham; Professor of Public Health, Birmingham University; Hon. Lt-Col RAMC; Member Consultative Council Ministry of Health; Ex-President Society of Medical Officers…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Bore, Sir Albert, Member (Lab), Birmingham City Council, since 1980 (Leader, 1999–2004 and 2012–15); Chairman, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 2006–13

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Bore, Sir Albert, Member (Lab), Birmingham City Council, since 1980 (Leader, 1999–2004 and 2012–15); Chairman, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 2006–13

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The 24th G8 Summit was held in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom on 15–17 May 1998. The venue for this summit meeting was the International Convention Centre. The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia. In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981. The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Eurovision Song Contest 1998 was the 43rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 9 May 1998 at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, United Kingdom, and presented by Terry Wogan and Ulrika Jonsson. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), who staged the event after winning the 1997 contest for the United Kingdom with the song "Love Shine a Light" by Katrina and the Waves. Broadcasters from twenty-five countries participated in the contest. Six participating countries in the 1997 edition were absent, with Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Iceland and Russia relegated due to achieving the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Birmingham ( BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the centre of the West Midlands region of England. It is the largest local authority district in England by population and the second-largest city in Britain – commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom – with a population of 1.2 million people in the city proper in 2025. Birmingham is the centre of the ceremonial West Midlands county, and borders the Black Country to its west and, together with the city of Wolverhampton and towns including Walsall, West Bromwich, Dudley and Solihull, forms the West Midlands conurbation. The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield is incorporated within the city limits to the north an…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Festivus () is a secular holiday celebrated on December 23 as an alternative to the perceived pressures and commercialism of the Christmas season. Originally created by author Daniel O'Keefe, Festivus entered popular culture after it was made the focus of the 1997 Seinfeld episode "The Strike", which O'Keefe's son Dan O'Keefe co-wrote. The non-commercial holiday's celebration, as depicted on Seinfeld, occurs on December 23 and includes a Festivus dinner, an unadorned aluminum Festivus pole, practices such as the "airing of grievances" and "feats of strength", and the labeling of easily explainable events as "Festivus miracles". The episode refers to it as "a Festivus for the rest of us". It…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Chamberlain Square or Chamberlain Place is a public square in central Birmingham, England, named after statesman and notable mayor of Birmingham, Joseph Chamberlain. The Victorian square was drastically remodelled in the 1970s, with most of the Victorian buildings demolished and the construction of the Brutalist Central Library. Re-landscaping occurred most recently when the square was closed to the public for five years until March 2021 for remodelling as part of the Paradise scheme. Its features include: Chamberlain Memorial Birmingham Council House (side elevation) Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery Birmingham Town Hall One and Two Chamberlain Square