geografia: Coffee

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Dark-colored and bitter, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content; however decaffeinated coffee is also commercially available. There are also various coffee substitutes. Coffee production begins when the seeds from coffee cherries, the Coffea plant's fruits, are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The "beans" are roasted and then ground into fine particles. Coffee is brewed from the ground roasted beans, which are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a vari…

Evidence: 88 • authority: 72

The history of coffee spans many centuries. Wild coffee plants originated in Ethiopia, while the beverage itself has its roots in Yemen, where it was harvested, roasted, and brewed; Sufi Muslims in the 15th century used it to aid concentration during night prayers. From Yemen, coffee spread to Mecca and the wider Arabian Peninsula, and by the early 16th century it had reached Cairo, Damascus, and Istanbul. Debates over its permissibility arose in Muslim society, but it soon became a central part of urban social life. Through Mediterranean trade routes, coffee entered Europe in the mid-16th century through Italy and other Mediterranean regions. Coffee houses were established in Western Europ…

Evidence: 65 • authority: 72

Coffee culture is the set of traditions and etiquette that surround the consumption of coffee, particularly as a social lubricant. The term also refers to the cultural diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant. In the late-twentieth century, espresso became an increasingly dominant drink contributing to coffee culture, particularly in the Western world and other urban areas worldwide. In the early twenty-first century, mobile coffee carts and pop-up espresso bars also became part of coffee culture, offering specialty drinks at markets, festivals, and retail events. The culture surrounding coffee and coffeehouses dates back to 16th-century Ottoman Turkey. Coffeehouses i…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in southern Arabia, the country includes the Socotra Archipelago and borders Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the northeast, the Arabian Sea to the east, the Gulf of Aden to the south, and the Red Sea to the west. It also shares maritime borders with Djibouti, Eritrea, and Somalia across the Horn of Africa. Covering 455,503 square kilometres (175,871 sq mi), with a coastline of approximately 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi), Yemen is the second-largest country on the Arabian Peninsula by both area and population. Sanaa is its constitutional capital and largest city. Yemen's population is estimated at 34.7 million, pred…