Pies: When dogs have been doing a lot of exercise, they pant

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Perspiration, also known as sweat, diaphoresis and hidrosis, is the fluid secreted by sweat glands in the skin of mammals. Two types of sweat glands can be found in humans: eccrine glands and apocrine glands. The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over much of the body and are responsible for secreting the watery, brackish sweat most often triggered by excessive body temperature. Apocrine sweat glands are restricted to the armpits and a few other areas of the body and produce an odorless, oily, opaque secretion which then gains its characteristic odor from bacterial decomposition. In humans, sweating is primarily a means of thermoregulation, which is achieved by the water-rich secretion o…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Heat stroke or heatstroke, also known as sun-stroke, is a severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 40.0 °C (104.0 °F), along with red skin, headache, dizziness, and confusion. Sweating is generally present in exertional heatstroke, but not in classic heatstroke. The start of heat stroke can be sudden or gradual. Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition due to the potential for multi-organ dysfunction, with typical complications including seizures, rhabdomyolysis, or kidney failure. Heat stroke occurs because of high external temperatures and/or physical exertion. It usually occurs under preventable prolonged exposure to extreme environmental or exertional heat.…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Laryngeal paralysis in animals is a condition in which the nerves and muscles that control the movements of one or both arytenoid cartilages of the larynx cease to function, and instead of opening during aspiration and closing during swallowing, the arytenoids remain stationary in a somewhat neutral position. Specifically, the muscle that causes abduction of the arytenoid cartilage, the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, ceases to function. This leads to inadequate ventilation during exercise and during thermoregulatory panting as well as incomplete protection of the airway during swallowing. One of the most common forms of laryngeal paralysis develops in geriatric medium to large breed dog…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 92

'Teleonomes in Tatters': The Welfare Costs of Selecting Dogs for Extreme Phenotypes, and the Case for Change.. The domestic dog is the most morphologically diverse domesticated mammalian species. That diversity has arisen from deliberate, sustained artificial selection over the most recent 1% of the domestic dog's evolutionary history. However, artificial selection has pushed many individual breeds so far from the ancestral canine form that many dogs within these breeds can no longer perform the critical biological functions their bodies evolved to serve. Indeed, much of the popularity of many dog breeds is predicated on them no longer being functional dogs; rather, they are representations…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 92

Adulticide treatment with melarsomine: outcome in 283 heartworm-positive dogs in Germany.. Background Heartworm disease is of increasing significance in Europe because of climate change and the movement of dogs from endemic regions. Despite guidelines from the American Heartworm Society (AHS) and the European Society of Dirofilariosis and Angiostrongylosis (ESDA), some clinicians favor macrocyclic lactones and doxycycline alone, partly because of concerns about melarsomine complications. Recent studies, however, support the safety and efficacy of the recommended protocol. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the outcomes of dogs with Class I-III heartworm disease that underwent melarso…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation. The internal thermoregulation process is one aspect of homeostasis: a state of dynamic stability in an organism's internal conditions, maintained far from thermal equilibrium with its environment (the study of such processes in zoology has been called physiological ecology). If the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature and it increases significantly above norm…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Panting in dogs: Paths of air flow in response to heat and exercise

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Cool and safe walks: heat stress threshold for domestic dogs living in hot and sunny regions.. This study proposes heat stress thresholds for dogs during outdoor walks in a hot and sunny tropical region. A total of five mixed-breed dogs had their body temperatures (from their coat, skin, paw pad and rectum) and respiratory rate measured at rest, during 12 min of walking, and during 20 min of recuperation, when water intake was recorded. A total of 135 walks were undertaken throughout the night and daytime phases, thereby exposing dogs to levels of black-globe temperature (BGT) ranging between 19 and 50 °C. Dogs kept their rectal temperature within a narrow range (38-39 °C), without signs of…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Combined enrichment and pharmaceutical intervention reduces excessive arousal in shelter dogs in a randomized controlled trial.. Introduction Environmental stressors in animal shelters may lead to development of excessive arousal, posing risks to adoptability and behavioral euthanasia. Recommendations regarding excessive arousal in shelter dogs include providing pharmaceuticals and enrichment. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the influence of enrichment and pharmaceutical interventions on shelter dogs ( N = 50) displaying excessive arousal from a municipal animal shelter in Texas, United States. Data were collected during 1 week of baseline conditions (days 1-7)…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

In common with many of the expeditions of the Heroic Age, Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) employed dog-hauled sledges as a principal means of transportation during exploration of the continent. Dog sledges could carry more weight and travel faster than man-hauled sledges; they were more reliable in the freezing temperatures than motor-sledges; and dogs had proved to be more adaptable to harsh Antarctic conditions than ponies. Mawson purchased fifty sledge dogs from Greenland and transported them to Antarctica on the expedition's ship SY Aurora. The trip was arduous for the dogs and by the time the expedition arrived in Antarctica on 8 January 1912 only 28 of the dog…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY ADJUSTMENTS IN EVAPORATIVE HEAT LOSS OF DOGS AT REST AND EXERCISE

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Panting as a human heat loss thermoeffector