język: English as a second or foreign language

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

English as a second or foreign language (ESL or EFL) is the teaching and learning of English by people whose first language is not English. The field includes teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in countries where English is not the dominant language and teaching English as a second language (TESL) in English-speaking countries. English is taught worldwide in schools, universities, language schools, workplaces, and community programs. Learners study English for purposes including education, employment, immigration, and international communication. Teaching methods vary according to learners' needs, proficiency levels, and educational settings, ranging from formal classroom instruc…

Evidence: 63 • authority: 88

Phenomenology as a research methodology in teaching English as a foreign language. Abstract Considering the fact there is no single research approach capturing the nature of multi-faceted educational phenomena, phenomenology, as a research method, can be employed in educational settings to explore the essence of a certain phenomenon from the perspective of the one who has experienced it. Advocating positioning this methodology in EFL context, the present paper initially, delineates the basic principles of the approach. Then, it illustrates how a phenomenological approach can be applied in language teaching drawing on one of the author’s own case studies in the field of EFL context entitled…

Evidence: 71 • authority: 88

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Versus English as a Second Language (ESL) Writing. Researchers and teachers frequently distinguish between English as a foreign language and English as a second language. Although this distinction usefully highlights some of the differences in the settings in which English, like other languages, is learned, it fails to capture many of the complexities of language learning. Writing is used here as a lens to inspect the blurred boundaries between the conceptual categories of EFL and ESL.

Evidence: 55 • authority: 88

Second/Foreign Language Immersion and At‐Risk English‐Speaking Children. ABSTRACT There is ample evidence from research in Canada and the United States that second language immersion programs are effective for English‐speaking children with average or above average ability from middle class, majority group backgrounds. The present review examines the suitability of immersion for English‐speaking children who are at risk in school because they have the following learner characteristics: 1) below average general ability, 2) poor first language ability, 3) low socioeconomic status, and 4) ethnic minority group status. A fifth factor is examined, namely age, because of the assumed difficulty ex…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 92

From writing paragraphs to evaluating articles: academic vocabulary development in EFL health sciences students during the ChatGPT transition.. Introduction Evidence-based practice requires students to read, evaluate, and write about research, all of which depend on academic vocabulary. For English as a Foreign Language (EFL) health sciences students studying through English-medium instruction (EMI), this is a persistent challenge that affects their readiness for clinical practice, and AI writing tools have complicated it further since late 2022, as they can produce the academic English that writing courses spend years developing. This study tracks academic vocabulary development across fou…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option". ELF is "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native-speaker cultural aspects. English became the established global lingua franca in academia after the 1940s (until which French and German were of equal impor…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

German (Deutsch, pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, French autonomous region of Alsace and as well as a recognised national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Romania and Hungary (Sopron). Overseas, siz…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Language enjoyment and emotional engagement: are they distinct or congruent constructs?. Emotional engagement and foreign language enjoyment are two widely studied affective constructs in second language acquisition (SLA) research, yet their empirical distinctiveness has never been formally tested. Substantial item-level overlap between their measurement instruments and consistently high inter-construct correlations raise the possibility of a jangle fallacy: two different labels applied to the same underlying construct. This study subjected both constructs to rigorous psychometric scrutiny using longitudinal data collected from 122 undergraduates at three time points across a second languag…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that emerged in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca. The language is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Britain after the end of Roman rule. English is the most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influence of the British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the rise of the United States. It is the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second‑language speakers than native speakers. However, English is only the third‑most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. English is eithe…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Nonnative-Speaking Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Nonnative-Speaking Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

AI tool use, self-efficacy, foreign language enjoyment, and willingness to communicate: a moderated serial mediation model among Chinese EFL learners.. Introduction The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education has transformed the landscape of foreign language instruction, yet the mechanisms through which AI tool use shapes learners' affective and communicative engagement remain poorly understood. Drawing on social cognitive theory (SCT) and control-value theory (CVT), this study proposes and tests a moderated serial mediation model in which AI tool use predicts willingness to communicate (WTC) sequentially through AI self-efficacy and foreign language en…