jedzenie: Beetle

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

A multiverse of trophic networks and coevolutionary trajectories among holoparasitic Orobanchaceae and their animal associates: a global perspective.. Holoparasitism, in achlorophyllous, fully heterotrophic plants, is one of the most peculiar symbioses in the plant world. In particular, holoparasites from Orobanchaceae, the largest parasitic plant family, have evolved unique visual and olfactory signals in the plant kingdom, and thus play a key role in the evolution of animal-plant adaptations. Holoparasitism offers excellent case studies of the effects of a specialised interaction on multiple aspects of plant ecology and evolution, including pollination, herbivory, and speciation. In this…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 92

Time-dependent effects of beavers on terrestrial invertebrate biomass and diversity.. Beaver ( Castor spp.) activity can alter habitat structure and hydrology, yet their influence on terrestrial invertebrates remains understudied. We examined the effects of beaver activity on ground-dwelling terrestrial invertebrate biomass and diversity across mid-summer to early autumn and assessed habitat differences between sites with and without beaver activity by analyzing environmental variables related to habitat heterogeneity. We found significant interactions between beaver activity and research dates, suggesting that beaver effects are dynamic and seasonally dependent. Specific invertebrate order…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophically-transmitted pa…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Burmese amber is fossil resin dating to the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian age recovered from deposits in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar. It is known for being one of the most diverse Cretaceous age amber paleobiotas, containing rich arthropod fossils, along with uncommon vertebrate fossils and even rare marine inclusions. A mostly complete list of all taxa described up to the end of 2023 can be found in Ross (2024). This article covers fossils classified as belonging to order Coleoptera, and its sub-orders Adephaga, Archostemata, Myxophaga, and Polyphaga.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Interseeding cover crops into established corn fields affects invertebrate abundance and diversity and elevates the activity of generalist predators.. Ecologically simplified corn fields lack the plant diversity-derived resources necessary for supporting robust beneficial insect populations capable of preventing pest outbreaks. Interseeding cover crops into established corn is a way that farmers can diversify cropland plant communities and restore ecosystem functions. Here, we examine how foliar, epigeic, and subterranean arthropod communities differ between corn monocultures and corn interseeded with cover crops. We also examine how predator activity and predation are affected by interseed…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of Cuticular Protein Gene Family in <i>Monochamus alternatus</i> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).. The pine sawyer beetle ( Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842) is a major vector of the pinewood nematode [ Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970]. A total of 119 cuticular protein (CP) genes were identified from the M. alternatus genome, belonging to nine families, namely 34 CPR-RR1, 39 CPR-RR2, 6 CPAP1, 7 CPAP3, 2 CPF, 3 CPFL, 4 CPCFC, 14 CPU, and 10 TWEEDLE, with the CPR family being the most abundant (73 genes, 61.34%). Comparative genomic analysis across six insect orders revealed that the CP gene count in M. alt…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Fogging and Flight Interception Traps-The Evaluation of Two Methods to Collect Canopy Arthropods.. The forest canopy is a crucial habitat for a wide variety of species. However, it remains difficult to assess due to significant methodological challenges and uncertainties. Flight intercept traps (FITs) and insecticidal knockdown (FOGGING) are among the most widely used techniques for sampling canopy arthropods, yet systematic comparisons of their taxonomic and ecological coverage remain scarce. We sampled arthropods over 3 months in nine forest plots in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, Germany, using both methods on two dominant tree species. A single FIT covered only a small portio…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A hyperparasite, also known as a metaparasite, is a parasite whose host is itself a parasite, often specifically a parasitoid. Hyperparasites are found mainly among the wasp-waisted Apocrita within the Hymenoptera, and in two other insect orders, the Diptera (true flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). Seventeen families in Hymenoptera and a few species of Diptera and Coleoptera are hyperparasitic. Hyperparasitism developed from primary parasitism, which evolved in the Jurassic period in the Hymenoptera. Hyperparasitism intrigues entomologists because of its multidisciplinary relationship to evolution, ecology, behavior, biological control, taxonomy, and mathematical models.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Coccinellidae ( ) is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and other English speaking territories; "lady" refers to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic (warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they taste bad. Most coccin…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Insecta is a class of invertebrates that consists of around 30 individual extant orders. Orders are the fifth taxonomic rank used to classify living organisms, below the rank of class, but above the rank of family. With around 1 million insect species having been formally described and assigned a binomial name, insects are the most diverse group of animals, comprising approximately half of extant species on Earth. The total insect biodiversity has been estimated at around 6 million species. The most diverse orders are Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Diptera (flies) and Hemiptera (true bugs). Taxonomists disagree on the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms. More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 2 million to 1 trillion, but most estimates are around 11 million species or fewer. About 1.74 million species were databased as of 2018, and over 80 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of DNA base pairs on Earth, as a possible approximation of global biodiversity, is estimated at 5.0 × 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Coleoptera , with about 400,000 described species , is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described arthropods and 25% of all known