rośliny-i-grzyby: Passive solar building design

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis. Elements to be considered include window placement and size, and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildi…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 80

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling). Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the natural environment, combined with the architectural design of building components (e.g. building envelope), rather than mechanical systems to dissipate heat. Therefore, natural cooling depends not only on the architectural design of the building but on how the site's natural resources ar…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 80

Evidence: 55 • authority: 80

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Passive house or Passivhaus is a voluntary building performance standard designed to have high energy efficiency and thermal comfort while substantially reduces a building’s carbon footprint. Buildings certified to the standard are ultra-low energy and typically require very little energy for space heating or cooling. The approach is used for housing and for non-residential buildings such as offices, schools, kindergartens and healthcare facilities. Energy efficiency is integral to architectural design rather than an add-on. Although most common in new construction, the principles are also applied in deep renovations. As of January 2025, projects certified by the Passive House Institute (PH…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Bridging Horizontal to Vertical Radiative Cooling.. Radiative cooling materials enable sub-ambient passive cooling but are typically limited to horizontal surfaces such as rooftops, restricting their use in dense urban environments where vertical facades dominate. Here, we develop a scalable BSDAR bridging system that enables existing radiative cooling materials to function effectively on vertical surfaces. The system redirects thermal radiation toward the sky while suppressing heat gain from surrounding buildings and the ground. On vertical windows coated with polydimethylsiloxane, daytime reductions of up to 4.1°C below ambient are reached with a wind shield and thermal insulation, while…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Residents' perceptions towards zero-energy strategies for residential building Saudi Arabia.. The building sector is a major contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, positioning zero-energy home (ZEH) strategies as a critical pathway toward sustainable development. While the technical feasibility of zero-energy buildings has been widely studied, their successful implementation depends largely on residents' awareness, acceptance, and willingness to adopt such strategies. However, empirical evidence examining residents' perceptions of ZEH in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, remains limited. This study investigates Saudi residents' perceptions of zer…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

A Zero-Energy Building (ZEB), also known as a Net Zero-Energy (NZE) building, is a building with net zero energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site or in other definitions by renewable energy sources offsite, using technology such as heat pumps, high efficiency windows and insulation, and solar panels. The goal is that these buildings contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere during operation than similar non-NZE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas…