język: Thai language

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Thai, or Central Thai (historically Siamese; Thai: ภาษาไทย), is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family. It is spoken by the Central Thai, Mon, Lao Wiang, and Phuan people in Central Thailand and by the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand. Thai is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit, Mon and Old Khmer. It is a tonal and analytic language. Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers. Spoken Thai, depending on standard sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender,…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Isan or Northeastern Thai (autonym: ภาษาลาว/ພາສາລາວ, IPA: [pʰâː.sǎː lâːw]; Thai: ภาษาอีสาน, RTGS: Phasa Isan) refers to the local development of the Lao language in Thailand, after the political split of the Lao-speaking world at the Mekong River at the conclusion of the Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893. The language is still referred to as Lao by native speakers. As a variety of the Lao language, Isan belongs to the Southwestern branch of Tai languages in the Kra-Dai language family. It is most closely related to (other than Lao) "tribal" Tai languages such as Phu Thai and Tai Yo. Isan is officially classified as a dialect of the Thai language by the Thai government. Although (Central) Thai i…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Lao and (Central) Thai are two closely related languages of the Southwestern branch of Tai languages. Lao falls within the Lao-Phuthai group of Southwestern Tai languages and Thai within the Chiang Saen language group. Lao (including Isan) and Thai, although they occupy separate groups, are mutually intelligible and were pushed closer through contact and Khmer influence, but all Southwestern Tai languages are mutually intelligible to some degree. Isan refers to the local development of the Lao language in Thailand, as it diverged in isolation from Laos, under Thai influence. The Isan language is still referred to as Lao by native speakers. Spoken Lao is mutually intelligible with Thai and I…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

The Use of English Loan Words of Thai Junior and Senior High School Students in Thai Subjects. This study aimed to investigate the types of English loan words do Thai students use the most in Thai subjects related to transliteration, loan blend, loan translation and loan shifts. The participants were 451 students (Grade 7, 8 and 11) at Wat Phrasrimahadhat Secondary Demonstration School, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Thailand in the 1st academic year 2023 who studied Thai subjects; Intensive Thai I, Intensive Thai III, and Contemporary Literature. To collect the data of the study, the researchers set up the reading and writing activities which were revised according to some advice from the…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 80

The Use and Meaning of Words in Central Banking: Inflation Targeting, Credibility, and Transparency

Evidence: 39 • authority: 80

The Use of Words in Thai Language in “Viral” Communication of Thai People in the Present Era

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

Thinking as Relational Process and Pattern in Semiotic Cultural Psychology.. This study challenges traditional psychological notions of thinking as a static cognitive trait. Instead, we construe enduring thinking patterns to emerge persistently in a semiotic-relational process across three intertwined cultural-psychological lenses: worldviews (macro-level), mindsets (meso-level), and thinking styles (micro-level). The overarching field of Semiotic Cultural Psychology theory (SCPT) has been developed to focus on the embodied micro-mechanisms that bridge the intra- and interpsychological levels of reality through semiotic dynamics. Thinking as a semiotic relational process occurs in the dynam…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

Shared names, different diseases: concordance of Thai traditional <i>Tor</i> diagnoses with biomedical eye conditions and back skin lesions.. Background In Thailand, many eye diseases are described under the umbrella term tor , originating from Thai Traditional Medicine (TTM), including pinguecula, pterygium, cataract, and glaucoma (torlom, tornuea, torkrajok, and torhin). Ophthalmologists often use these terms as labels for biomedical diagnoses, whereas TTM practitioners use them within a traditional framework that includes characteristic back skin lesions. Apparent disagreement between diagnoses may therefore reflect nosologic mismatch rather than simple error. This study aime…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

A lexical decision task for rapid estimation of crystalized vocabulary knowledge in Thai.. A useful distinction within cognitive and brain sciences is that between fluid and crystallized ability. Although fluid ability is widely studied, crystalized ability, which draws on acquired, declarative semantic knowledge and the mental lexicon, has been less well studied. Partly this is due to the culture and language specificity of assessment methods. We developed and assessed the psychometric properties of a simple 42-item lexical decision task that could be used with Thai speakers to assess the breadth of their crystalized vocabulary knowledge. A large sample of responses from 662 Thai-speaking…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lanna (Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣᩃ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨶᨶᩣ, Thai: ภาษาล้านนา), also called Kam Mueang (Northern Thai: ᨣᩴᩤᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ กำเมือง, Thai: คำเมือง), Tai Yuan (Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣᨴᩱᨿ᩠ᩅᩁ ภาษาไตยวน, Thai: ภาษาไทยวน), or Northern Thai (Thai: ภาษาไทยถิ่นเหนือ), is the language spoken by the Lanna people of Thailand. It is a Southwestern Tai language. The language has approximately six million speakers, most of whom live in Northern Thailand, with a smaller community of speakers in northwestern Laos. Speakers of this language generally consider the name "Tai Yuan" to be pejorative. They refer to themselves as Khon Mueang (ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, คนเมือง, [kʰon˧.mɯaŋ˧] – literally "people of Mueang" meaning "city dwellers"), Lanna,…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Six new species of terrestrial crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Potamidae) from Thailand.. A re-examination of old collections of terrestrially adapted primary freshwater crabs in the family Potamidae from various regions of Thailand, as well as aquarium trade material, revealed two new species from the genus Thaiphusa Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993, T. reginamimus sp. nov . and T. mongkol sp. nov . and four new species from the genus Thaipotamon Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993: T. nandidarbhai sp. nov ., T. songkhwae sp. nov ., T. suvankorni sp. nov . and T. wangsaphung sp. nov . Species of Thaiphusa and Thaipotamon are characterised by their inflated, ovoid carapace, but these can be distinguished from one another…