nauka: Forensic linguistics

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Forensic linguistics, legal linguistics, or language and the law is the application of linguistic knowledge, methods, and insights to the forensic context of law, language, crime investigation, trial, and judicial procedure. It is a branch of applied linguistics. Forensic linguistics is an umbrella term covering many applications to legal contexts. These are often split between written and spoken items. It is common for forensic linguistics to refer only to written text, whereas anything involving samples of speech is known as forensic speech science. There are principally three areas of application for linguists working on written texts in forensic contexts: understanding language of the w…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Adrian Leemann (born 1980) is a Swiss linguist and phonetician, currently Professor of German Sociolinguistics at the University of Bern. He is best known for his research in dialectology, sociophonetics, and forensic phonetics, with a special focus on Swiss German and English dialects. His public-facing projects have made linguistics accessible to wide audiences through interactive apps and large-scale citizen science.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Stylometry is the application of the study of linguistic style, usually to written language. It has also been applied successfully to music, paintings, chess, and source code. Stylometry is often used to attribute authorship to anonymous or disputed documents. It has legal as well as academic and literary applications, ranging from the question of the authorship of Shakespeare's works to forensic linguistics, and has methodological similarities with the analysis of text readability. Stylometry may be used to unmask pseudonymous or anonymous authors, or to reveal some information about the author short of a full identification. Authors may use adversarial stylometry to resist this identifica…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Forensic speech science by Ricky K. W. Chan

Evidence: 38 • authority: 88

Identification Features in Forensic Examination of Text Borrowing. In the article, within the framework of the theory of criminalistic identification, based on works of the well-known criminalist scientist Prof. Valentin Koldin (1925–2020), we consider the features that a forensic expert works with when detecting textual borrowings (copy-paste and plagiarism). An optimal classification of identification features put into six groups is proposed: text coincidence at character level, misprints, punctuation errors, grammatical errors, speech and logical errors, and other speech features. The author suggests using the term "errative method" in the examination of borrowings and considers identifi…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Forensic science, often known as criminalistics, is the application of science principles and methods to validate decision-making related to rules or law, generally criminal and civil law. During criminal investigation in particular, it is governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. It is a broad field utilizing numerous practices such as the analysis of DNA, fingerprints, bloodstain patterns, firearms, ballistics, toxicology, microscopy, and fire debris analysis. Modern forensic analysis is also conducted on cybersecurity related incidents where major breach has occurred leading to substantial financial loss. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and ana…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Text linguistics is a branch of linguistics that deals with texts as communication systems. Its original aims lay in uncovering and describing text grammars. The application of text linguistics has, however, evolved from this approach to a point in which text is viewed in much broader terms that go beyond a mere extension of traditional grammar towards an entire text. Text linguistics takes into account the form of a text, but also its setting, i. e. the way in which it is situated in an interactional, communicative context. Both the author of a (written or spoken) text as well as its addressee are taken into consideration in their respective (social and/or institutional) roles in the speci…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Audio forensics is the field of forensic science relating to the acquisition, analysis, and evaluation of sound recordings that may ultimately be presented as admissible evidence in a court of law or some other official venue. Audio forensic evidence may come from a criminal investigation by law enforcement or as part of an official inquiry into an accident, fraud, accusation of slander, or some other civil incident. The primary aspects of audio forensics are establishing the authenticity of audio evidence, performing enhancement of audio recordings to improve speech intelligibility and the audibility of low-level sounds, and interpreting and documenting sonic evidence, such as identifying…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Rhetoric’s “Audience” and Linguistics’ “Speech Community”: Implications for Understanding Writing, Reading, and Text

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Digital forensics (sometimes known as digital forensic science) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery, investigation, examination, and analysis of material found in digital devices, often in relation to mobile devices and computer crime. The term "digital forensics" was originally used as a synonym for computer forensics but has been expanded to cover investigation of all devices capable of storing digital data. With roots in the personal computing revolution of the late 1970s and early 1980s, the discipline evolved in a haphazard manner during the 1990s, and it was not until the early 21st century that national policies emerged. Digital forensics investigations have a v…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Natural language processing is computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language. This includes the automation of any or all linguistic forms, activities, or methods of communication, such as conversation, correspondence, reading, written composition, dictation, publishing, translation, lip reading, and so on. Natural-language processing is also the name of the branch of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to engage in communication using natural language(s) in all forms, including but not limited to speech, print, writing, and signing. The following outline is provided as an…