techniki: Combustion

Evidence: 48 • authority: 88

System for complex exhaust gas cleaning of internal combustion engine with water-fuel emulsion burning. The necessity to fulfill all requirements of international organizations in the field of environmental protection, need to reduce heat loss in combustion of organic fuels, increasing economy and reliability of all elements of ship's power plant make it necessary to develop complex technology. The aim of study is to develop system for complex exhaust gas cleaning of internal combustion engine (ICE). For performing tasks in technology of proposed method, providing solutions to problems of improving economic efficiency, improvement of environmental indicators and reliability, it is envisaged…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion does not always result in fire, because a flame is only visible when substances undergoing combustion vaporize, but when it does, a flame is a characteristic indicator of the reaction. While activation energy must be supplied to initiate combustion (e.g., using a lit match to light a fire), the heat from a flame may provide enough energy to make the reaction self-sustaining. The study of combustion is known as combustion science. Combustion is often…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

96/06574 Catalytic hot gas cleaning of gasification gas

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Diesel exhaust is the exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine, plus any contained particulates. Its composition may vary with the fuel type, rate of consumption or speed of engine operation (e.g., idling or at speed or under load), and whether the engine is in an on-road vehicle, farm vehicle, locomotive, marine vessel, or stationary generator or other application. Diesel exhaust causes lung cancer and other diseases such as asthma, and many premature deaths. Methods exist to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust. Some countries have set a date to stop selling diesel vehicles, and some city centres will ban diesel cars.

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Wood fuel (or fuelwood) is a fuel such as firewood, charcoal, chips, sheets, pellets, and sawdust. The particular form used depends upon factors such as source, quantity, quality and application. In many areas, wood is the most easily available form of fuel, requiring no tools in the case of picking up dead wood, or few tools, although as in any industry, specialized tools, such as skidders and hydraulic wood splitters, have been developed to mechanize production. Sawmill waste and construction industry by-products also include various forms of lumber tailings. About half of wood extracted from forests worldwide is used as fuelwood. Learning how to start and control fire for heating and coo…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually used with internal combustion engines fueled by gasoline (petrol), including lean-burn engines, and sometimes on kerosene heaters and stoves. The first widespread introduction of catalytic converters was in the United States automobile market. To comply with the US Environmental Protection Agency's stricter regulation of exhaust emissions, most gasoline-powered vehicles starting with the 1975 model year are equipped with catalytic converters. These "t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Gasoline (North American English) or petrol (in other English-speaking countries) is a petrochemical product, a transparent, yellowish and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. It is chemically composed of organic compounds derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum and later chemically enhanced with gasoline additives. It is a high-volume profitable product produced in crude oil refineries. The ability of a particular gasoline blend to resist premature ignition (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating or performance number. Tetraethyl lead was once widely used to inc…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A filling station (also known as a gas station [US/CA] or petrol station [UK/AU/NZ]) is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles. It serves as a local fuel depot and retailer; it receives fuel products from refineries (via regular tank truck resupplies), stores the fuels in (typically underground) storage tanks, and distributes the fuel to motorist consumers at a daily varied price. The most common fuels sold are motor fuels such as gasoline (petrol), often as multiple products with different octane ratings) and diesel fuel, as well as liquified petroleum gas (LPG, i.e. autogas), compressed natural gas, compressed hydrogen, hydrogen compressed natural gas, liquid…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Natural gas (also gas, methane gas or fossil gas) is a fossil fuel, naturally occurring in geological formations. Typically, the gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium. Methane is a colorless and odorless gas, and, after carbon dioxide, is the second-greatest greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate change. Because natural gas is odorless, a commercial odorizer, such as methanethiol, that smells of hydrogen sulfide (rotten eggs) is added to the gas for the ready detection of gas leaks. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is formed when layers of organic matt…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Sustainable Fuel Combustion: Analysing Waste Plastic Oil Emissions with Advanced Nico-Ceo2 Catalytic Converters

Evidence: — • authority: 80

00/03173 Hot fuel gas dedusting, after sorbent-based gas cleaning