woda-i-kanalizacja: Flow measurement

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. Volumetric flow meters quantity volumetric flow rate while mass flow meters quantify mass flow rates. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below: Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area) Inferential (turbine type) Electromagnetic Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding) Anemometer Ultrasonic flow meter Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rel…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

A positive displacement meter is a type of flow meter that requires fluid to mechanically displace components in the meter in order for flow measurement. Positive displacement (PD) flow meters measure the volumetric flow rate of a moving fluid or gas by dividing the media into fixed, metered volumes (finite increments or volumes of the fluid). A basic analogy would be holding a bucket below a tap, filling it to a set level, then quickly replacing it with another bucket and timing the rate at which the buckets are filled (or the total number of buckets for the “totalized” flow). With appropriate pressure and temperature compensation, the mass flow rate can be accurately determined. These dev…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Determination of the constant pressure loss for a new segmented orifice with an inclined inflow plane.. A key innovation of this study is the first-ever experimental determination of the ratio of permanent to total differential pressure loss (Δp loss /Δp) for a segmented orifice with an inclined inflow plane-a geometry not standardized in any current measurement norms. While previous investigations by the authors focused on flow characteristics, this paper uniquely quantifies energy-related pressure losses, showing that a 60° inclination reduces permanent pressure loss by up to 4.9% compared to conventional 90° orifices. A combined experimental and numerical approach was applied to evaluate…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

Thermal mass flow meters, also known as thermal dispersion or immersible mass flow meters, comprise a family of instruments for the measurement of the total mass flow rate of a fluid, primarily gases, flowing through closed conduits. Thermal mass flow meters measure fluid mass flow rate indirectly by measuring the difference in temperature before and after a heating element. The difference in temperature measurements will vary proportionally to the mass flow rate of the fluid because of convection. Many mass flow controllers (MFC) which combine a mass flow meter, electronics and a valve are based on this design. In the case of the thermal dispersion, or immersible, type of flow meter, the h…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Numerical and experimental analysis of flow distortion induced by ultrasonic transducers in gas flowmeters.. This study investigates the flow field distribution near the transducer and quantifies the distortion of the velocity profile along ultrasonic paths. It elucidates the physical mechanisms through which flow separation—induced by the mainstream flow around the transducer—affects ultrasonic flowmeter measurements. Experimental analyses examine the influence of localized flow field distortion under various pressures and flow rates, leading to the development of an error correction model consistent with empirical data. Numerical simulations are performed for three transducer installation…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Custody transfer in the oil and gas industry refers to the transactions involving the handover of a physical substance from one operator to another. This includes the transferring of raw and refined petroleum between tanks and railway tank cars; onto ships, and other transactions. Custody transfer in fluid measurement is defined as a metering point (location) where the fluid is being measured for sale from one party to another. During custody transfer, accuracy is of great importance to both the company delivering the material and the eventual recipient, when transferring a material. The term "fiscal metering" is often interchanged with custody transfer, and refers to metering that is a poi…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 88

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Instrumentation and control in a laboratory-scale process for CO<sub>2</sub> capture post-combustion.. The present study shows the instrumentation and control of a laboratory-scale post-combustion CO 2 capture process (CO 2 -CP), including the implementation of a low-cost data acquisition system for monitoring and controlling the key process variables. This system simulates the capture of flue gases generated in thermoelectric power plants, as well as the operation of packed columns commonly employed in large-scale industrial applications. To ensure effective control, the developed platform continuously acquires and processes the operating variables throughout the experimental t…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 92

Research on Measurement Error Distribution and Optimization Measurement Method of Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flowmeter in Downstream Pipeline Disturbance.. Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters serve as an important tool for on-site testing of gas flow meters. However, its accuracy is significantly affected by the actual flow field, thus limiting its application scenarios. To address this issue, this study focuses on typical industrial disturbance structures and obtains the evolution and distribution of non-ideal flow fields downstream of disturbances through experiments and numerical simulations, as well as their effects on velocity and flow measurement errors. The results indicate that when traditional…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

A Vortex flowmeter is a type of flowmeter used for measuring fluid flow rates in an enclosed conduit.