ludzkie-ciekawostki: Regression toward the mean

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

In statistics, regression toward the mean (also called regression to the mean, reversion to the mean, and reversion to mediocrity) is the phenomenon where if one sample of a random variable is extreme, the next sampling of the same random variable is likely to be closer to its mean. Furthermore, when many random variables are sampled and the most extreme results are intentionally picked out, it refers to the fact that (in many cases) a second sampling of these picked-out variables will result in "less extreme" results, closer to the initial mean of all of the variables. Mathematically, the strength of this "regression" effect is dependent on whether or not all of the random variables are dr…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Railway suicides are less likely to occur on rainy days: Evidence from Japan. Background: Patrols at stations and along railway lines can reduce the number of railway suicides; however, it is not sufficiently clear when railway suicides are most likely to occur. Aim: We examined the relationship between daily rainfall and the occurrence of railway suicides. Methods: We received the locations and daily data on the occurrence of railway suicides from a major railroad company in Japan. We also collected rainfall data from the Japan Meteorological Agency database for a roughly central locations of the railroad company. The study covered a period of five years, from April 2016 to March 2021. Res…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Negative affect influences the computations underlying food choice in bulimia nervosa.. Individuals often consume tasty, calorically dense foods in response to negative emotions, a phenomenon exemplified by notions of 'stress eating' and 'comfort food'. While this link between food and mood can become pathological in binge eating, the decision-making processes underlying this link are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of acute increases in negative affect on when and how strongly the perceived tastiness and healthiness of foods influence food choices in healthy adults and individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN), an eating disorder characterized by cycles of over- and under-c…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Serum Levels of 18 Trace Elements and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study in Northwest Chinese Adults.. Objective : Current evidence on the association between multiple trace elements and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains limited, particularly regarding combined effects, nonlinear dose-response patterns, and elemental interactions. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between multiple serum trace elements and T2DM using a sequential analytical strategy. Methods : A 1:1 propensity score-matched case-control study based on sex, age, and residence was conducted (637 controls, 637 T2DM cases). Serum concentrations of 18 trace elements were meas…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Do panic attacks occur at all ages? Can they occur for the first time after the age of 30?

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

EOSINOPHILIA IS LESS LIKELY TO OCCUR IN COPD SMOKERS WITH EMPHYSEMA PHENOTYPE

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Demographic disparities in animal law enforcement: rates and outcomes.. Animal control is typically afforded the same enforcement powers and discretion as police in the United States. However, while there is a great deal of policing research, there is minimal research exploring demographic disparities in animal control enforcement. Aggregated animal control case and outcome data are well-positioned to examine demographic disparities in enforcement because they are linkable to census-level demographics due to the prevalence of cases at subjects' residences. The objectives of this study are to examine if the most marginalized communities experience higher numbers of animal control cases and i…