materiały: Environmental stress cracking

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) is one of the most common causes of unexpected brittle failure of thermoplastic (especially amorphous) polymers known at present. According to ASTM D883, stress cracking is defined as "an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-term mechanical strength". This type of cracking typically involves brittle cracking, with little or no ductile drawing of the material from its adjacent failure surfaces. Environmental stress cracking may account for around 15-30% of all plastic component failures in service. This behavior is especially prevalent in glassy, amorphous thermoplastics. Amorphous polymers exhibit ESC beca…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 80

Plastics. Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC)

Evidence: 44 • authority: 80

Plastics. Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC)

Evidence: 44 • authority: 80

Plastics. Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC)

Evidence: 44 • authority: 80

Plastics. Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC). Constant-tensile-stress method

Evidence: 44 • authority: 80

Plastics. Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC). Constant-tensile-stress method

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

Enhancing the Performance of FFF-Printed Parts: A Review of Reinforcement and Modification Strategies for Thermoplastic Polymers.. The technology of 3D printing has become one of the most effective methods of creating various parts, such as those used for fast prototyping. The most important aspect of 3D printing is the selection and application of the appropriate material, also known as filament. The current review concerns mainly the description of the mechanical and physical properties of the different filaments and the possibilities of improving those properties. The review begins with a short description of the development of 3D printing technology. Next, the basic characteristics of t…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Assessment of the Drone Arm's Plastic-Metal Joint Mechanical Resistance Following Natural and Artificial Aging of the 3D-Printed Plastic Component.. As drone technologies advance, there is an increasing need for structural components that are lightweight, durable, and easily replaceable. Additive manufacturing (AM) with PLA offers a cost-effective solution to improve mechanical performance, especially when enhanced with embedded metal inserts. However, the long-term durability of PLA-metal joints under environmental aging conditions remains underexplored. This study evaluates the mechanical integrity of 3D-printed PLA drone arms produced with reduced infill density with embedded brass inser…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A polymer () is a substance or material that consists of very large molecules, or macromolecules, that are constituted by many repeating subunits derived from one or more species of monomers. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers have essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers. Their consequently large molecular mass, relative to small molecule compounds, produce…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Carbon fiber (or fibre) reinforced polymers are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contain carbon fibers. CFRPs can be expensive to produce, but are commonly used wherever high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness (rigidity) are required, such as aerospace, superstructures of ships, automotive, civil engineering, sports equipment, and an increasing number of consumer and technical applications. The binding polymer is often a thermoset resin such as epoxy, but other thermoset or thermoplastic polymers, such as polyester, vinyl ester, or nylon, are sometimes used. The properties of the final CFRP product can be affected by the type of additives introduced to the bindi…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. It can lead to unexpected and sudden failure of normally ductile metal alloys subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. SCC is highly chemically specific in that certain alloys are likely to undergo SCC only when exposed to a small number of chemical environments. The chemical environment that causes SCC for a given alloy is often one which is only mildly corrosive to the metal. Hence, metal parts with severe SCC can appear bright and shiny, while being filled with microscopic cracks. This factor makes it common for SCC to go undetected prior to failure. SCC often progresses…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Environmental stress cracking of polymers: Case studies from industry (ABS and LDPE)