transport: Natural computing

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving techniques; 2) those that are based on the use of computers to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) those that employ natural materials (e.g., molecules) to compute. The main fields of research that compose these three branches are artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. However, the field is more related to biological computation. Computation…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional electronic computing. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing. Although the field originally started with the demonstration of a computing application by Leonard Adleman in 1994, it has now been expanded to several other avenues such as the development of storage technologies, nanoscale imaging modalities, synthetic controllers and reaction networks, etc.

Evidence: 47 • authority: 92

Evidence: 47 • authority: 92

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Reviewing the Computational Landscape of Drug Repurposing: Evolution from Structure-Based Methods to LLM-Based Methods.. Traditional drug discovery is a high-risk, time-consuming, and costly endeavor. Drug repurposing has emerged as a pivotal strategy to overcome these challenges by identifying new therapeutic indications for approved drugs, thereby significantly reducing development timelines, costs, and safety risks. This review aims to provide a comprehensive methodological survey of computational strategies for drug repurposing. It seeks to clarify the core principles, applicability, and limitations of various approaches, offering a clear technological landscape and valuable insights fo…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Multiscale modeling or multiscale mathematics is the field of solving problems that have important features at multiple scales of time and/or space. Important problems include multiscale modeling of fluids, solids, polymers, proteins, nucleic acids as well as various physical and chemical phenomena (like adsorption, chemical reactions, diffusion). Statistical modeling techniques are increasingly integrated into multiscale modeling frameworks to bridge information between scales and quantify uncertainty. These approaches allow researchers to combine atomistic, mesoscale, and continuum data using probabilistic methods, improving predictive accuracy in complex systems. An example of such probl…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is sometimes referred to a…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Bioengineered Silver Nanoparticles: Next-Generation Biogenic Synthesis Strategies for Precision Biomedical Applications.. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted substantial scientific interest in biomedical research owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, plasmonic properties, and therapeutic versatility. Although conventional physicochemical synthesis methods enable controlled NPs fabrication, their dependence on hazardous reagents, elevated energy input, and environmentally detrimental processing conditions has stimulated the development of sustainable biogenic alternatives. Biological synthesis utilizing plants, microorganisms, f…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 88

Evidence: 35 • authority: 88