kuchnie-świata: Peranakan Chinese

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Peranakan Chinese () are an ethnic group defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of Southern Chinese settlers to maritime Southeast Asia, known as Nanyang (Chinese: 南洋; pinyin: nán yáng; lit. 'Southern Ocean'), namely the British, Portuguese, and Dutch colonial ports in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago, as well as Singapore. The Peranakan Chinese are often simply referred to as the Peranakans. Peranakan culture, especially in the dominant Peranakan centres of Malacca, Singapore, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Phuket, and Tangerang, is characterised by its unique hybridisation of ancient Chinese culture with the local cultures of the Nusantara region,…

Evidence: 75 • authority: 72

Nanyang (Chinese: 南洋; pinyin: nán yáng; lit. 'Southern Ocean') is the Chinese term for the warmer and fertile geographical region along the southern coastal regions of China and beyond, otherwise known as the 'South Sea' or Southeast Asia. The term came into common usage in self-reference to the large ethnic Chinese migrant population in Southeast Asia, and is contrasted with Xiyang (Chinese: 西洋; pinyin: xī yáng; lit. 'Western Ocean'), which refers to the Western world, and Dongyang (simplified Chinese: 东洋; traditional Chinese: 東洋; pinyin: dōng yáng; lit. 'Eastern Ocean'), which refers to Japan. The Chinese press regularly uses the term to refer to the region stretching from Yunnan Province…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Malaysian Chinese or Chinese Malaysians are Malaysian citizens of Chinese ethnicity. They form the second-largest ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Malay-majority, and as of 2020, constituted 23.2% of the country's citizens or close to 7 million. In addition, Malaysian Chinese make up the second-largest community of overseas Chinese in the world, following the Thai Chinese in neighbouring Thailand. Prior to 1963, the ethnic Chinese community were often referred to as the Malayan Chinese. As with most Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, they have maintained a significant and substantial presence in the economy of the modern-day country for at least two centuries since the era of British…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Singaporean Chinese or Chinese Singaporeans are Singaporeans of Han ancestry. As of the 2020 census, they constitute 75.9% of the resident population, making them the largest ethnic group in Singapore. In Singapore, "Chinese" is an umbrella term defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural contexts as pertaining to Greater China and bears no necessary relation to the contemporary People's Republic of China, whose citizens are classified separately when in Singapore. As a result, some Singaporeans of Han ancestry would simply just consider themselves "Singaporean", viewing themselves as distinct from the "China Chinese" in terms of culture, identity and social reality. Evidence of Chines…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

Koh Sok Hiong (simplified Chinese: 许淑香; traditional Chinese: 許淑香; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó͘ Siok-hiong; pinyin: Xǔ Shūxiāng; 5 July 1916 – 7 July 2018), also known as Mrs Wee Kim Wee, was a Singaporean philanthropist and chef who was the First Lady of Singapore when her husband, Wee Kim Wee, served as president from 1985 to 1993. Born in Singapore during colonial rule, Koh studied at Nanyang Girls' High School before marrying Wee in 1936. During Wee's career as a diplomat, she helped host formal dinner parties for him, including cooking food for the dinners. Koh usually cooked Peranakan cuisine, releasing a book in 2005 compiling of all of her recipes. During her time as First Lady, she performed ph…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Ancient genomes in Southwest China revealed genetic interactions among diverse populations in the historical period.. Background Southwest China has been pivotal for agricultural spread, ethnic formation, and cultural diffusion. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of this area remain insufficiently explored, especially during the historical period. Results Here, we report genome-wide data of eight ancient individuals from the Songshan site in Guizhou dating back to the Song and Ming Dynasty. Our results reveal that most Songshan individuals are closely related to the Yellow River Basin farmers, while also showing significant genetic influences from southern East Asia, in…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Chua Jim Neo (Chinese: 蔡認娘; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòa Jīn-niû; 16 February 1905 – 8 August 1980) was a Singaporean chef and cookbook writer best known for Mrs. Lee's Cookbook, which preserves the recipes of Peranakan cuisine. Chua was also the mother of Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore and the paternal grandmother of Lee Hsien Loong, the third Prime Minister of Singapore.

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Multi-centric origins and gene flow shape the diversity of β-thalassemia mutations in Southern East Asia.. Over 400 β-thalassemia mutations show population-differentiated spectra, yet their origins and evolution remain unclear. Focusing on targeted sequencing of 20,222 individuals and 510 β-thalassemia patients in southern China, we identified three major haplotype groups (HG) at the β-globin locus and observed highest haplotype diversity for CD41/42, -50, and HbE among 13 prevalent mutations in 993 carriers. Allele dating suggest these mutations emerged during agricultural expansions in the past 7420 years, represented by CD41/42 arising in mainland China. However, the -50 mutation likely…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Complex peopling history and expansion events inferred from large-scale modern and ancient Y chromosome sequences.. The origins and movements of early East Asians remain unclear due to limited ancient genomes and Y chromosome data. Here, we report a large-scale Y chromosome resource, including 1045 newly sequenced genomes from previously underrepresented groups, revealing high-resolution phylogenetic patterns in F and N1b lineages. We constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny that traces early paternal roots to diverged C/D/F lineages and indicates Paleolithic migrations from the southern Himalayas. These early movements, together with later Neolithic expansions, shaped the paternal landscape…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

Ancient genomes reveal basal Asian ancestries and dynamic population interactions over time on the southern Tibetan Plateau.. The southern Tibetan Plateau is a key region for the settlement and flourishing of Tibetan populations, but the long-term population dynamics in this area remain poorly understood. By analyzing 16 newly sequenced genomes from the Mabu Co site (4400 masl), we reconstructed the population history on the southern Tibetan Plateau spanning 4,400-3,500 BP. While the local southern plateau ancestry was maintained over a millennium, genetic diversity within these populations was observed over time. We revealed multiple admixtures, including Basal Asian Xingyi-related ancestr…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Han Chinese, alternatively Han people or Chinese people, are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 17% of the world population. The Han Chinese represent 91.11% of the population in China and 97% of the population in Taiwan. They are a significant diasporic group in Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia. Han Chinese have exerted the primary formative influence in Chinese culture and history. Han Chinese trace their ancestry and culture to the Huaxia people, a confederation of agricultu…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Northern and Southern dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝; pinyin: Nán běi cháo) was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589 AD, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty. It is sometimes considered to be the latter part of a longer period known as the Six Dynasties (220–589 AD). The period featured civil war and political chaos. However, it was also a time of flourishing arts and culture, advancement in technology, and the spread of Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. The period saw large-scale migration of Han Chinese people to lands south of the Yangtze. It came to an end with the unification of China proper by Emperor W…