starożytność: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World listed by Hellenic culture. They were described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines, resembling a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks. It was said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. The Hanging Gardens' name is derived from the Greek word κρεμαστός (kremastós, lit. 'overhanging'), which has a broader meaning than the modern English word "hanging" and refers to trees being planted on a raised structure such as a terrace. According to one le…

Evidence: 74 • authority: 72

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity, first established in the 1572 publication Octo Mundi Miracula using a combination of historical sources. The seven traditional wonders established by the Octo Mundi Miracula are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Using modern-day countries, two of the wonders were located in Greece, two in Turkey, two in Egypt, and one in Iraq. Of…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 88

Berossos and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The ‘Hanging Gardens of Babylon’ are as fascinating as they are elusive: classical authors counted them among the wonders of the world, yet they never appear in the cuneiform sources, nor have they been identified in the archaeological record. Indeed, Stephanie Dalley has recently argued that a structure of this kind never existed in Babylon, and that the idea of the ‘Hanging Gardens’ was inspired by the elaborate parks of Neo-Assyrian kings like Sennacherib (Dalley, ‘Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens’, Iraq 56, 1994, 45-58.). Reinhold Bichler and Robert Rollinger point out important weaknesses in Dalley’s argument, underlining that there…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Robert Johann Koldewey (10 September 1855 – 4 February 1925) was a German archaeologist, famous for his in-depth excavation of the ancient city of Babylon in modern-day Iraq. He was born in Blankenburg am Harz in Germany, the duchy of Brunswick, and died in Berlin at the age of 69. His digs at Babylon revealed the foundations of the ziggurat Marduk, and the Ishtar Gate; he also developed several modern archaeological techniques including a method to identify and excavate mud brick architecture. This technique was particularly useful in his excavation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (1899–1917) which were built ca. 580 BC using mainly unfired mudbricks. A practicing archaeologist for most…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

The Assembly of Hanging Gardens: Effects of Age, Area, and Location

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Pompeian Peristyle Gardens. This book examines how Pompeian peristyle gardens were utilized to represent the socioeconomic status of Roman homeowners, introducing fresh perspectives on how these spaces were designed, used, and perceived. Pompeian Peristyle Gardens provides a novel understanding of how the domus was planned, utilized, and experienced through a critical examination of all Pompeian peristyles – not just by selecting a few well-known examples. This study critiques common scholarly assumptions of ancient domestic space, such as the top-down movement of ideas and the relationship between wealth and socio-political power, though these possibilities are not excluded. In addition, t…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Efforts to increase visitors of seven wonders ecotourism in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park through tourism package. Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (Babul NP.) has seven excellent tourist areas which are commonly called seven wonders. Each has attractions that are mostly special interest tours. The distribution of visitors from seven wonders area has not been evenly distributed. Bantimurung is the most visited by tourists, while others are relatively unknown. The purpose of this research is to develop a strategy to increase the number of visitors in Babul NP. through a high-value seven wonders ecotourism package. This research was a qualitative research and conducted in March 2…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. surviving from ancient times; it ignored the valu- able results of modern research.Early travellers were fond of describing the Seven Wonders; the generations of the past two thousand years have talked about them and won- dered, but it is to the archaeological explorer of the past few decades that we are indebted for our more trustworthy information.The material collected for the contemplated magazine article expanded wonderfully.Generally accepted fan- cies were found to be erroneous.The old familiar pictures of how it was thought the Seven Wonders ought to have looked were chiefly imaginary.Research among their ruins has not only revealed their history…

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The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there. Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus. The statue was a chryselephantine sculpture of ivory plates and gold panels on a wooden framework. Zeus sat on a painted cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold, and precious stones. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The statue was lost and destroyed before the end of the 6th century AD, with conflicting accounts of the date and circumstances. Det…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek sun god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it was constructed to celebrate the successful defence of Rhodes against an attack by Demetrius I of Macedon, who had besieged it for a year with a large army and navy. According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high‍—‍‌approximately two-thirds of the height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown‍—‍‌making it the tallest statue in the ancient world. It collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC, althoug…

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The Pharos of Alexandria was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC). It has been estimated to have been at least 100 metres (330 ft) in overall height. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, for many centuries it was one of the world's tallest man-made structures. The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1303 and became an abandoned ruin. It was the third longest-surviving ancient wonder, after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the extant Great Pyramid of Giza, surviving in part until 1480, when the last of its stones was used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the sit…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Seven Wonders of the Peak were described in the 17th century by the philosopher Thomas Hobbes in his book De Mirabilibus Pecci: Being The Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire, Commonly called The Devil's Arse of Peak. The wonders refer to places to visit in the Peak District of Derbyshire in England. Thomas Hobbes worked for the Earls of Devonshire at Chatsworth House, as tutor and secretary. After touring the High Peak in 1626, Hobbes published his 84-page Latin poem De Mirabilibus Pecci in 1636. It was published with an English translation in 1676. He recounted:"Of the High Peak are seven wonders writ. Two fonts, two caves. One pallace, mount and pit."These wonders are: Mary Queen of Sc…