Ciekawostka: The surface of the Earth is about 60% water and 10% ice

Evidence: 50 • authority: 92

Mechanistic Insights into Rare Earth Element Dissolution from Sart (Manisa) Black Sand via Alkali Roasting-Acid Leaching.. The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from REE-bearing heavy mineral tailings of the Manisa-Sart (Türkiye) placer depositwith an REE-bearing phase consistent with a monazite-group phosphate host, supported by SEM-EDS microanalysis and bulk geochemical evidencewas investigated via an integrated alkali roasting-reductive acid leaching route. The effects of roasting temperature, NaOH stoichiometry, acid type and concentration, reducing agent addition, and the heating method (conventional vs microwave) on REE extraction efficiency were systematically evaluated. Roast…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 92

Satellites reveal how extreme rainfall affects coastal water quality in the Bohai Sea: Implications for marine environmental management.. Extreme rainfall is intensifying globally as the climate continues to warm. Yet how such events affect coastal water quality and potentially influence assessments of water quality improvement remains poorly understood. This study uses time-series optical satellite observations to characterize the response and recovery of coastal water quality following the 2023 extreme rainfall event in the Bohai Sea and to evaluate how this short-term disturbance influences monthly assessments of water quality improvement. The event substantially increased suspended part…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Earth's Surface Water Percentage?. Summary A hands‐on activity is used to illustrate standard point and interval estimates of a proportion. Since the proportion is more or less known, the accuracy of these estimates can be assessed. A hypothesis test associated with the interval estimate is also given.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (in descending order by area: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Antarctic/Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided into seas, gulfs, and subsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water and is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere, acting as a huge reservoir of heat for Earth's energy budget, as well as for its carbon cycle and water cycle, forming the basis for climate and weather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential to life…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans. Water is also the fluid of all known living organisms, in which it acts as a solvent. Water, being a polar molecule, undergoes strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is a large contributor to its physical and chemical properties. It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or being an organic micronutrient. Due to its presence in all organisms, its chemical stability, its worldwide abundance, and its strong polarity relative to its small molecular…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Vapor, water vapour, or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is less dense than most of the other constituents of air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds and fog. Being a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and warmi…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is made possible by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is dry land, which is predominantly located within Earth's land hemisphere in the form of continental landmasses. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large ice sheets at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers, and atmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slo…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

as the earth cradles water, we find our percentage; On Forgetting/part 2

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

as the earth cradles water, we find our percentage; On Forgetting/part 2

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Figure 5: Percentage (mean ± standard error) of viral morphotypes in viral assemblages in the surface water layer of the Barents and Kara seas.

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Hydro-morphometric Stage-Area-Volume thresholds controlling atmospheric moisture feedbacks and environmental water requirements in desiccating saline lakes.. In endorheic basins with arid or semi-arid climates, lakebed geometry fundamentally controls water retention and regional atmospheric moisture feedbacks. However, quantifying these hydro-morphometric interactions to define environmental flow requirements remains challenging due to ambiguities in Stage-Area-Volume (S-A-V) relationships caused by spectral confusion between shallow brines and evaporite crusts. We propose a geometry-driven framework that resolves these limitations by integrating high-resolution bathymetric reconstructions…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. It orbits Earth in an elliptical path, at a distance that varies over the year, averaging around 378,000 kilometers (235,000 mi). It completes an orbit (lunar month) in relation to Earth and the Sun (synodically) every 29.5 days. The Moon and Earth are bound by gravitational attraction, which is stronger on the sides facing each other. The resulting tidal forces are the main driver of Earth's tides, and have pulled the Moon to always face Earth with the same near side. This tidal locking effectively synchronizes the Moon's rotation period (lunar day) to its orbital period (lunar month). In geophysical terms, the Moon is a planetary-mass objec…