Ciekawostka: The average human brain has about 100 billion nerve cells

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve (CN X), plays a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating involuntary functions within the human body. This nerve carries both sensory and motor fibers and serves as a major pathway that connects the brain to various organs, including the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. As a key part of the parasympathetic nervous system, the vagus nerve helps regulate essential involuntary functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion. By controlling these processes, the vagus nerve contributes to the body's "rest and digest" response, helping to calm the body after stress, lower heart rate, improve dige…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

What We Learned from Songbirds: The Adult Brain Can Generate New Nerve Cells

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Brain Protein May Elicit Neuroprotective Effects on Brain Nerve Cells

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Gut bacteria and their metabolites may influence our decisions, intelligence, cognition, and consciousness.. The human gut hosts approximately 38 trillion bacteria, representing 400 to 500 species. Gut bacteria are in constant communication with the central nervous system (CNS) via the enteric nervous system (ENS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the immune system, the enteroendocrine system (EES), and the vagus nerve (VN). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, strengthen the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and modulate inflammatory signaling, thereby affecting brain function and cognitive performance. Acetate enhances the synthesis of lipi…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous system. The brain integrates sensory information and coordinates instructions sent to the rest of the body. The cerebrum, the largest part of the human brain, consists of two cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere has an inner core composed of white matter, and an outer surface – the cerebral cortex – composed of grey matter. The cortex has an outer layer, the…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

A neuron (American English), neurone (British English), or nerve cell, is a cell that is excitable, firing electric signals called action potentials. Neurons form neural networks in the nervous system, mainly in the central nervous system. Neurons receive and conduct impulses. They communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoans. Plants and fungi do not have nerve cells. Molecular evidence suggests that the…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing, and olfaction. Being the most specialized organ, it is responsible for receiving information from the sensory nervous system, processing that information (thought, cognition, and intelligence) and the coordination of motor control (muscle activity) and the endocrine system. While invertebrate brains arise from paired segmental ganglia (each of which is only responsible for the respective body segment) of the ventral nerve cord,…

Evidence: — • authority: 35