codzienność: Foot binding

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Chinese Foot Binding The Vanishing Lotus. Distributed by Filmakers Library, 124 East 40th Street, New York, NY 10016; 202-808-4980Produced by Tang Yuen Mei JoaniDirected by Fung Wing chuen Tely2004, VHS, color and b&, 52 min. This documentary is a powerful investigation of how bound feet have gone from revered, to reviled, and finally to a curiosity in Chinese society. Chinese Footbinding: the Vanishing Lotus explains how foot binding came to be widespread among the Han Chinese by exploring the roots of its popularity with the upper class, its expansion to commoners through its association with beauty and marriage; and its decline in the modern era. Featuring interviews with a number of the…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Foot binding (simplified Chinese: 缠足; traditional Chinese: 纏足; pinyin: chánzú), or footbinding, was the Chinese custom of breaking and tightly binding the feet of young girls to change their shape and size. Feet altered by foot binding were known as lotus feet and the shoes made for them were known as lotus shoes. In late imperial China, bound feet were considered a status symbol and a mark of feminine beauty. However, foot binding was a painful practice that limited the mobility of women and resulted in lifelong disabilities. The prevalence and practice of foot binding varied over time, by region, and by social class. The practice may have originated among court dancers during the Five Dyn…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

Women in China make up approximately 49% of the population. In modern China, the lives of women have changed significantly due to the late Qing dynasty reforms, the changes of the Republican period, the Chinese Civil War, and the People's Republic of China. Like women in many other cultures, women in China have been historically oppressed. For thousands of years, women in China lived under the patriarchal social order characterized by the Confucian teaching of "filial piety". Achievement of women's liberation has been an agenda of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the 1949 proclamation of the People's Republic of China. Following the Chinese Communist Revolution, Mao Zedong replaced t…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

Foot fetishism, also known as foot partialism or podophilia, refers to a sexual interest in feet. Similar to other fetishes, individuals with a foot fetish experience varying degrees of sexual attraction to feet, from merely viewing the foot as a pleasing part of the human body alongside other parts, to sexual activity involving feet being the only way that the fetishist can climax. In 2006, it was the most commonly discussed type of partialist fantasy in pornographic Internet forums, and is the most common type of culturally atypical body part partialism, with studies estimating that 14% of Americans have somehow involved feet in sex once in their lifetime, though the amount of individuals…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 92

Renal aging and its consequences: navigating the challenges of an aging population.. With the aggravation of population aging, kidney aging and its impact on health have been widely concerned. Renal aging not only involves structural and functional changes but also is significantly linked to the occurrence and progression of some kidney diseases. Mechanisms of renal aging include oxidative stress, reduced Klotho levels, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. These changes lead to a sustained reduction in renal filtration, reabsorption, secretion, as well as endocrine function, which in turn affects overall health. Renal structural changes mainly include glomerulosclerosis, tubular d…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 72

A shoe is an item of footwear normally found in pairs intended to protect and comfort the human foot, usually made in such a way that one is designed to fit the left foot and the other the right foot. Shoes are intended to provide further protection to the vulnerable human foot, though the foot is highly adaptable to various terrains. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots, which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs; high heels, for instance, are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemp…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

The Impact of the Anti-Foot-binding Movement on the Liberation of Chinese Women. This paper examines the historical practice of foot-binding in China, which explores its historical origins, its physical and psychological harm against women, early modern China’s effort to gradually abolish the practice and how it has ultimately contributed to the liberation of Chinese women. Foot binding, a practice that originated in the Northern Song Dynasty and wasn’t widely abolished until well into the 20th century, has been a source of multifaceted torment against women that have suppressed their social role and autonomy for generations. The anti-foot-binding movement, which gained momentum in the late…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

A Study on Bone Mass in Elderly Chinese Foot-Binding Women. The aim of this study is to understand the influences of the social custom of foot binding on female osteoporosis by means of comparing and analyzing the lumbar vertebrae and hip bone mass differences between the foot-binding aged women and unbound women of the same age at Qujing District of Yunnan Province. Of the examined people, 81.37% suffer from osteoporosis on the basis of lumbar vertebra (L1–L4) and femoral neck BMD, of which 82.14% for the foot-binding group and 80.44% for the unbound group. There is no statistical difference for the osteoporosis morbidity of the two groups. Compare the BMD value for various vertebrae, femo…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status of women in China. Feminism in China began in the 20th century in tandem with the 1911 Revolution. Feminism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is closely linked with socialism and class issues. Some commentators believe that this close association is damaging to Chinese feminism and argue that the interests of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are placed before those of women. Under Xi Jinping's general secretaryship, feminists have been subject to increased scrutiny by the country's system of mass surveillance and censorship, and detained in some instances.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Women in ancient and Imperial China were restricted from participating in various realms of social life, through social stipulations that they remain indoors, whilst outside business should be conducted by men. The strict division of the sexes, apparent in the policy that "men plow, women weave" (Chinese: 男耕女織), partitioned male and female histories as early as the Zhou dynasty, with the Rites of Zhou (written at the end of the Warring States Period), even stipulating that women be educated specifically in "women's rites" (Chinese: 陰禮; pinyin: yīnlǐ). Though limited by policies that prevented them from owning property, taking examinations, or holding office, their restriction to a distincti…