inżynieria: Sound recording and reproduction

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Sound quality is typically an assessment of the accuracy, fidelity, or intelligibility of audio output from an electronic device. Quality can be measured to a specific set of standards, such as when tools are used to gauge the accuracy with which the device reproduces an original sound; or it can be measured subjectively, such as when human listeners respond to the sound or gauge its perceived similarity to another sound. The sound quality of a reproduction or recording depends on a number of factors, including the equipment used to make it, processing and mastering done to the recording, the equipment used to reproduce it, as well as the listening environment used to reproduce it. In some…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

An audio format is a medium for sound recording and reproduction. The term is applied to both the physical recording media and the recording formats of the audio content—in computer science it is often limited to the audio file format, but its wider use usually refers to the physical method used to store the data. Note on the use of analog compared to digital in this list; the definition of digital used here for early formats is that which is represented using discrete values rather than fluctuating variables. A piano roll is digital as it has discrete values, that being a hole for each key, unlike a phonograph record which is analog with a fluctuating groove. Music is recorded and distribu…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

High-resolution audio is a term for music files with bit depth greater than 16-bit and sampling frequency higher than 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz used in CD and DVD formats. The Audio Engineering Society (AES), Consumer Technology Association (CTA) and Japan Audio Society (JAS) set 24-bit/96 kHz as the minimum requirement to fulfill the standard. The Recording Academy Producers & Engineers Wing also cites 24-bit/96 kHz as the preferred resolution for tracking, mixing and mastering audio. In 2011, the Library of Congress chose 24-bit/96 kHz as the "international standard" for archiving and preserving its collection of historical recordings. It is supported by media formats such as DVD-Audio, DualDisc…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Surround sound is a technique for enriching the fidelity and depth of sound reproduction by using multiple audio channels from speakers that surround the listener (surround channels). Its first application was in movie theaters. Prior to surround sound, theater sound systems commonly had three screen channels of sound that played from three loudspeakers (left, center, and right) located in front of the audience. Surround sound adds one or more channels from loudspeakers to the side or behind the listener that are able to create the sensation of sound coming from any horizontal direction (at ground level) around the listener. The technique enhances the perception of sound spatialization by e…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

A sound recording copyright is the copyright in a recorded fixation of sounds, as distinct from the underlying musical, literary (text-based), or dramatic work embodied in the recording. This type of copyright is often represented by the sound recording copyright symbol, ℗ (letter P in a circle). The Geneva Phonograms Convention (1971) provides the international legal authority for countries to bring sound recordings (which it refers to as phonograms) under national copyright and related rights frameworks. Many common law countries, including the United States and United Kingdom, protect sound recordings under their traditional copyright regimes. Other countries provide protection to perfor…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Usefulness of lung sound data collection using Skeeper SM-300® device: A pilot study.. Background Digital stethoscope has been introduced to clinical practice and are developing in many aspects. Overwhelming pandemic requires non-contact healthcare support, and recent growth of artificial intelligence necessitates high-quality data collection. Objectives We studied the usefulness of a novel, remotely applicable device Skeeper SM-300®. Methods A single center, prospective, single-arm, investigator-blinded investigation was conducted. Sixty-four participants (normal individuals, stable/exacerbated COPD, stable/exacerbated bronchial asthma, pneumonia, ILD, and pleural effusion) had their lung…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Sound recording and reproduction. Magnetic tape systems for broadcasting

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Magnetic tape sound recording and reproduction. For programme interchange.

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Magnetic tape sound recording and reproduction.

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Magnetic tape sound recording and reproduction.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Binaural recording is a method of recording sound that uses two microphones, arranged with the intent to create a 3D stereo sound sensation for the listener of actually being in the room with the performers or instruments. This effect is often created using a technique known as dummy head recording, wherein a mannequin head is fitted with a microphone in each ear. Binaural recording is intended for replay using headphones and will not translate properly over stereo speakers. This idea of a three-dimensional or "internal" form of sound has also translated into useful advancement of technology in many things such as stethoscopes creating "in-head" acoustics and IMAX movies being able to creat…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, three-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing. Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic. Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertain…