zwierzęta: Domesticated silver fox

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes forma amicus) is a form of the silver fox, a melanistic form of the wild red fox, that has been to some extent domesticated under laboratory conditions. Domesticated silver foxes are the result of an experiment designed to demonstrate the power of selective breeding to transform species, as described by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species. The experiment at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia, explored whether selection for behaviour rather than morphology may have been the process that had produced dogs from wolves, by recording the changes in foxes when in each generation only the most tame foxes were allowed to b…

Evidence: 56 • authority: 92

Gut microbiome community structure correlates with different behavioral phenotypes in the Belyaev Farm-Fox Experiment.. Domestication represents one of the largest biological shifts of life on Earth, and for many animal species, behavioral selection is thought to facilitate early stages of the process. The gut microbiome of animals can respond to environmental changes and have diverse and powerful effects on host behavior. As such, we hypothesize that selection for tame behavior during early domestication, may have indirectly selected on certain gut microbiota that contribute to the behavioral plasticity necessary to adapt to the new social environment. Here, we explore the gut microbiome o…

Evidence: 69 • authority: 72

Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дми́трий Константи́нович Беля́ев, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvʲɪd͡ʑ bʲɪˈlʲæ(j)ɪf]; 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Soviet geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985. His decades-long effort to breed domesticated silver foxes was described by The New York Times as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.”…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

Lyudmila Nikolayevna Trut (Russian: Людми́ла Никола́евна Трут, IPA: [lʲʊdˈmʲiɫə nʲɪkɐˈɫa(j)ɪvnə trut]; 6 November 1933 – 9 October 2024) was a Russian geneticist, ethologist, and evolutionist. She is known for developing domesticated silver foxes from wild foxes with Dmitry Belyayev at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The experiment, started in 1952, continues to this day covering nearly 60 generations of silver foxes selected for "tameness." She held the positions of Senior researcher for Evolutionary genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB AS USSR, from 1969 to 1985; Head of Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, USS…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 92

Jump-Starting Evolution.. Since How to Tame a Fox (and Build a Dog) appeared in 2017, molecular genetics research connected to the silver fox domestication experiment has been published in Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Lee Alan Dugatkin writes about his connection to the project, the role of neural crest cells in domesticating foxes, and how dogs, bonobos, and humans fit into the picture.. Authors: Dugatkin LA.. Journal: Cerebrum : the Dana forum on brain science. Year: 2020

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

The expression profile of genes associated with behavior, stress, and adult neurogenesis along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis in tame and aggressive foxes.. The hippocampus plays the key role in stress response regulation, and stress response appears to be weakened in domesticated animals compared to their wild relatives. The hippocampus is functionally heterogeneous along its dorsoventral axis, with its ventral compartment being more closely involved in stress regulation. An earlier series of experiments was conducted with a unique breeding model of animal domestication, the farm silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), which included tame, aggressive, and unselected animals. A decrease in many indi…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

The brain of the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes): a neuroanatomical reference of cell-stained histological and MRI images.. Although the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) has been largely overlooked by neuroscientists, it has the potential to serve as a powerful model for the investigation of brain-behavior relationships. The silver fox is a melanistic variant of the red fox. Within this species, the long-running Russian farm-fox experiment has resulted in different strains bred to show divergent behavior. Strains bred for tameness, aggression, or without selection on behavior present an excellent opportunity to investigate neuroanatomical changes underlying behavioral characteristics. Here, we present…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 88

Inotropic effects of an isolated rat heart under the coronary perfusion with immobilized subtilisins. Introduction. Immobilized subtilisins are currently used as a fibrinolytic agent in antithrombotic drugs. The effect of immobilized subtilisins (ISs) on the contractile function of the heart has not been previously studied. Aim. To study the effect of coronary perfusion with immobilized subtilisins (ISs) on the contractile function of an isolated rat heart in an experiment. Materials and methods. The study used a Langendorff model of coronary retrograde perfusion of an isolated rat heart with solutions of ISs at different concentrations. The experiment included 50 male rats. The animals wer…

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

Vulpes is a genus of the subfamily Caninae. The members of this genus are colloquially referred to as true foxes, meaning they form a proper clade. The word "fox" occurs in the common names of all species of the genus, but also appears in the common names of other canid species. True foxes are distinguished from members of the genus Canis, such as domesticated dogs, wolves, jackals and coyotes, by their smaller size (5–11 kg), longer, bushier tail, and flatter skull. They have black, triangular markings between their eyes and nose, and the tip of their tail is often a different color from the rest of their pelt. The typical lifespan for this genus is between two and four years, but can reac…