elektronika: Particle accelerator

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel ions to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle physics. Accelerators are also used as synchrotron light sources for the study of condensed matter physics. Smaller particle accelerators are used in a wide variety of applications, including particle therapy for oncological purposes, radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for the manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass spectrometers for measurements of rare isotopes such as radiocarbon. Large accelerators include the Relativistic Heavy…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 80

Investigation of the Production of Medical Ir-192 Used in Cancer Therapy via Particle Accelerator

Evidence: 32 • authority: 80

Experience with Vsystem in a wide variety of applications

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Radiographers (radiologic technologists) are healthcare professionals who perform medical imaging and radiation therapy. Medical imaging is used for the diagnosis of pathology, while radiation therapy is used for treatment. The duties and responsibilities of a radiographer include performing radiographic examinations, arranging radiographic examination projections with precision, carrying out radiotherapy procedures for disease treatment, being responsible for the radiation dose delivered to patients, conducting nuclear medicine examinations, managing and utilising radioactive substances including radiopharmaceuticals, implementing radiation protection measures to ensure the safety of patie…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Technetium-99m (99mTc) is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope in the world. Technetium-99m is used as a radioactive tracer and can be detected in the body by medical equipment (gamma cameras). It is well suited to the role, because it emits readily detectable gamma rays with a photon energy of 140.5 keV (within the range emitted by conventional X-ray diagnostic equipment) and its half-life is 6.0066 hours (meaning 93.7% of it decays to 99Tc in 24 hours). The relatively short physical half-life of th…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A synthetic radioisotope is a radionuclide that is not found in nature: no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it, or it is so unstable that it decays away in a very short period of time. Most known radioisotopes are synthetically made; only 84 out of over 3,000 radioisotopes are found in nature. The first synthetic radioisotope was phosphorus-30, which was produced in 1934 by Frédéric Joliot-Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie using aluminum foil and a polonium source . The two won the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their discovery. The discovery of artificial radioactivity enabled the development of nuclear weapons based on plutonium-239, including the Fat Man atomic bomb. In t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Iodine-131 (131I, I-131) is a radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production. It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in nuclear fission products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the Fukushima nuclear crisis. This is because 131I is a major fission…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips (oral cancer), voice box (laryngeal), throat (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal), salivary glands, nose and sinuses. Head and neck cancer can present a wide range of symptoms depending on where the cancer developed. These can include an ulcer in the mouth that does not heal, changes in the voice, difficulty swallowing, red or white patches in the mouth, and a neck lump. The majority of head and neck cancer is caused by the use of alcohol or tobacco (including smokeless tobacco). An increasing number of cases…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim only to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. The term chemotherapy now means the non-specific use of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or to induce DNA damage (so that DNA re…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A radioligand is a microscopic particle which consists of a therapeutic radioactive isotope and the cell-targeting compound — the ligand. The ligand is the target binding site; it may be on the surface of the targeted cancer cell for therapeutic purposes. Radioisotopes can occur naturally or be synthesized and produced in a cyclotron/nuclear reactor. Types of radioisotopes include Y-90, H-3, C-11, Lu-177, Ac-225, Ra-223, In-111, I-131, and I-125. Thus, radioligands must be produced in special nuclear reactors for the radioisotope to remain stable. Radioligands can be used to analyze/characterize receptors, to perform binding assays, to help in diagnostic imaging, and to provide targeted can…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body, and have not spread to other parts. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Interface of Artificial Intelligence and the Electronic Medical Record in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Applications and Future Directions.. Artificial intelligence (AI) has a broad impact on health care across orthopaedic surgery and numerous other subspecialties through various applications, including the enhancement of diagnostic imaging, robotic assisted surgeries, and rehabilitation protocols. More recently, AI-powered electronic medical record integration with platforms, such as DeepScribe, Augmedix, Suki, Abridge, Nuance Dragon Ambient eXperience, and Clinical Notes AI, have enabled hospital systems to enhance their operational value while streamlining patient care and reducing bu…