najbardziej-odległe: Infection

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease is an illness resulting from an infection, and some infectious diseases are also communicable (transmissible). Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. Treatment for infections depends on the type of pathogen involved. Common medications include: Antibiotics for bacterial infection…

Evidence: 90 • authority: 92

Phospholipase A2 Isoforms in Lung Immunity and Respiratory Infections: Potential Targets for Next-Generation Therapy.. Despite the critical role of lipid-mediated signaling in regulating host immunity, endorsed by growing evidence, the interaction between lipid metabolism and immune response remains largely unknown. This review aims to elucidate the immunomodulatory role of a lung-enriched lipid metabolic pathway mediated by the phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 ) family, which comprises a diverse range of lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes. Based on their location, structure, substrate specificity and physiological roles, PLA 2 s can be classified into secreted PLA 2 s (sPLA 2 s), cytosolic PLA 2 s (cPLA 2 s…

Evidence: 69 • authority: 72

Tuberculosis ( tew-BUR-kew-LOH-siss, also TEW-bər-; TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis initially infects the lungs, but it can also spread to other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case tuberculosis is considered to be inactive or latent. A small proportion of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tu…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Evaluation of an automated complement-fixation test (Seramat) for diagnosis of acute respiratory infections caused by viruses and atypical bacteria

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

COVID-19-Associated Fungal Co-Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies.. From a health perspective, the 21st century has witnessed the emergence and global impact of several major viral diseases, most notably coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been associated with a substantial burden of secondary fungal infections. Patients suffering from COVID-19 illnesses frequently developed fungal co-infections, which can worsen clinical outcomes and complicate therapeutic efforts. Hospitalized individuals with viral infections are particularly susceptible to invasive fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus , Candida , and Mucorales…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

The cycle of infectious fever - how it affects bacterial infections.. Fever is one of the human body's most effective strategies in fighting infections. However, its precise role in eliminating pathogens, specifically the influence of heat on the bacterial cells on the mechanistic level under febrile temperatures has never been fully delineated. The concept of fever, as the immune system's first line of defense against pathogens involves two main components: the inflammatory response and the heat, which stimulates the host's immune cells and affects pathogens. This article summarizes independent findings, grouping the development of fever into a circular model, starting with pathogen invasi…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 80

Experience with cefotaxime in infections caused by gram-positive pathogens, especially staphylococcus aureus

Evidence: 49 • authority: 80

An overview of cefotaxime therapy in infections caused by gram-positive pathogens

Evidence: 49 • authority: 80

Introduction: infections caused by emerging resistant pathogens

Evidence: 49 • authority: 80

Most lower respiratory infections in adults are caused by viruses

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associat…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism, because they need the replication machinery of the host to do so. They can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. When not inside a cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles called virions. A virion contains a genome (a long molecule that carries genetic information in the form of either DNA…