Pies: Analysis of the dog genome demonstrate only 4 major types of dogs: "Old Lineage Dogs," "Mastiff-type Dogs," "Herding Dog

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Genome-wide mapping of sex-associated autosomal DNA methylation in major blood cell types. ABSTRACT Sex differences shape human physiology and disease risk, yet their autosomal epigenetic basis remains incompletely understood. Using whole genome bisulfite sequencing data from iMETHYL database (∼100 adults) across three purified blood cell types (CD4⁺ T cells, monocytes, neutrophils), we performed comprehensive mapping of cell-type specific sex-associated DNA methylation. Using genome-wide Z -test and confidence-interval method, we identified thousands of autosomal differentially methylated sites (DMSs), the majority of which were cell type-specific. We found that neutrophils exhibited prono…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Genomic analysis reveals close genetic similarity between ESBL and other β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates from humans and dogs, suggesting potential for inter-species transmission.. Background Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging in hospital and community settings as important causes of urinary tract infections. These plasmid-mediated enzymes have been identified in human and dog hosts, with bla CTX-M variants being the most prevalent ESBLs worldwide. Our objective was to identify horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events amongst human and dog-derived ESBL-producing bacteria by examining genetic relatedness of plasmid and bacterial whole genome se…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

A dog breed is a particular type of dog that was purposefully bred by humans to perform specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, and guarding. Dogs are the most variable mammal on Earth, with artificial selection producing upward of 360 globally recognized breeds. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size and shape, tail phenotype, fur type, etc., but are only one species of dog. Their behavioral traits include guarding, herding, and hunting, and personality traits such as hypersocial behavior, boldness, and aggression. Most breeds were derived from small numbers of founders within the last 200 years. Because of their adaptability and usefulness to…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

The domestication of the dog was the process which resulted in the emergence of the domestic dog as a species (Canis familiaris). This included the dog's genetic divergence from the wolf, its domestication, and the emergence of the first dogs. Genetic studies suggest that all ancient and modern dogs share a common ancestry, descending from an ancient, now-extinct wolf population – or closely related wolf populations – which was distinct from the modern wolf lineage. The dog's similarity to the grey wolf is the result of substantial dog-into-wolf gene flow, with the modern grey wolf being the dog's nearest living relative. An extinct Late Pleistocene wolf may have been the ancestor of the do…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

Natural Infection of Domestic Dogs with Raccoon Dog and Fox Amdoparvovirus During a Severe Disease Outbreak.. Raccoon dog and fox amdoparvovirus (RFAV) has been reported in raccoon dogs and foxes, but natural infection in domestic dogs has not previously been documented. During March-April 2026, samples from four affected Dobermann dogs from a kennel near Novi Sad, Serbia, were submitted for laboratory investigation. After negative testing for canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, distemper virus, influenza A virus, and leptospirosis, metagenomic sequencing was performed on selected tissues, followed by bioinformatic analysis and targeted RFAV PCR screening of addi…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Analysis of major repetitive DNA sequences in the dog ( Canis familiaris ) genome

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

A lap dog or lapdog is a dog that is both small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap and temperamentally predisposed to doing so. Lapdog is not a specific breed, but a generic term for a type of dog that is small in size and friendly toward humans. Lap dogs historically have been kept in many societies around the world by individuals with the resources to support a non-productive animal, and a lifestyle which allows for much contact with the dog. They are docile companion dogs with no working function other than companionship. Genetic analysis reveals that lapdogs are among the earliest specific types of dogs to live with people. Today, most lapdog breeds fall…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 80

Table 3: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to test significant differences of lifespan between types of dog (mongrel, cross-bred, cross breed).

Evidence: 20 • authority: 72

Purported remains of Paleolithic dogs have been reported from several European archaeological sites dating to over 30,000 years ago. Their status as domesticated is highly controversial, with some authors suggesting them to be the ancestors of the domestic dog or an extinct, morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population. Confirmed domestic dogs related to modern dogs were present in Europe by the end of the Upper Palaeolithic, by around 15-14,000 years ago.

Evidence: 20 • authority: 72

The New Guinea singing dog or New Guinea Highland dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus dingo) is an ancient (basal) lineage of dog native to the New Guinea Highlands, on the island of New Guinea. Once considered to be a separate species in its own right, under the name Canis hallstromi, it is closely related to the Australian dingo. The dog is relatively unusual among canines; it is one of the few to be considered "barkless", and is known for the unusual "yodel" style of vocalizing that gives it its name. In 1989, the Australian mammalogist Tim Flannery took a photo of a black-and-tan dog in Telefomin District. He noted that these dogs lived with local tribal peoples in the mountains, and t…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 88