materiały: Measurement

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind. The scope and application of measurement are dependent on the context and discipline. In natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal properties of objects or events, which is consistent with the guidelines of the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM) published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). However, in other fields such as statistics as well as th…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 88

Automated slice sensitivity profile measurement of the CT image of the AAPM CT performance phantom: Which stair object should be used?. Abstract Purpose: We used an improved algorithm to automatically measure the slice sensitivity profile (SSP) and its full-width at half maximum (FWHM) from all three stair objects within an image of the AAPM CT performance phantom. Methods: The phantom was scanned with a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice CT scanner using slice thicknesses of 1 mm and 5 mm. The three stair objects were named top #1, middle #2, and bottom #3. The software was able to measure the SSP and its FWHM form object #1, #2, #3, and all objects. The SSPs and FWHMs from each stair object were…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 88

La polysémie nominale événement/ objet: Quels objets pour quels événements?. This paper deals with the lexical notion of event. We study the well-known event/object nominal polysemy (see Grimshaw, 1990; Pustejovsky, 1995; Godard, Jayez 1996, among others) and give it an exhaustive treatment by gathering many data from existing lexical resources. About 200 nouns are listed, with various morphological properties — simple, converse or derived nominal may be concerned. We identify different types of events (activity, accomplishment, etc.) and objects (artifact, place, etc.), based upon explicit linguistic criteria. Then we study the relations between the different meanings of event/object polys…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. Time dictates all forms of action, age, and causality, being a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in conscious experience. Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension and the temporal dimension, in addition to the three spatial dimensions. Time is primarily measured in linear spans or periods, ordered from shortest to longest. Practical, human-scale measurements of…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance. The topic of quantum entanglement is at the heart of the disparity between classical physics and quantum physics: entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics not present in classical mechanics. Measurements of physical properties such as position, momentum, spin, and polarization performed on entangled particles can, in some cases, be found to be perfectly correlated. For example, if a pair of entangled particles is generated such that their total spin is known to be z…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Figure 2—source data 1. Measurement data for (A) equid third metatarsals, which were used in the morphometrics analysis, and (B) other NWSL equid elements.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Recent advances in the application of artificial intelligence and wearable devices in volleyball.. Volleyball is characterized by high intensity, rapid pace, and multi-agent coordination, where performance depends not only on individual technical execution but also on collective behavior organization, offense-defense transition efficiency, and dynamic decision-making. Conventional volleyball performance analysis, which relies on expert judgment, manual statistics, and video replay, is constrained by labor-intensive analytical workflows and delayed feedback, limiting its ability to continuously and accurately capture complex behaviors during training and competition in real time. Moreover, t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The law of comparative judgment was conceived by L. L. Thurstone. In modern-day terminology, it is more aptly described as a model that is used to obtain measurements from any process of pairwise comparison. Examples of such processes are the comparisons of perceived intensity of physical stimuli, such as the weights of objects, and comparisons of the extremity of an attitude expressed within statements, such as statements about capital punishment. The measurements represent how we perceive entities, rather than measurements of actual physical properties. This kind of measurement is the focus of psychometrics and psychophysics. In somewhat more technical terms, the law of comparative judgme…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

A Photometric–Geometric Coupled Measurement Method for Oriented Object Detection and Quantification of Randomly Overlapped Microwires. Non-contact cross-sectional area measurement of multi-core cables is of great importance for quality control in electrical and microelectronic manufacturing. In automatic counting tasks for multi-core microwires, conventional visual measurement methods are severely challenged by tiny slender targets, heavy local occlusions and complex photometric effects in dense overlapping regions. To address these issues, this paper proposes a photometric–geometric coupled measurement method for oriented detection and qualification of densely and randomly overlapped micro…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Limited Impact of Object Attributes on Event-related Potentials During an Implicit Word Reading Task. Background: Previous research in cognitive science has focused on the encoding and activation of sensory-based object knowledge in the brain during language comprehension, including aspects such as appearance, movement, and taste. Objective: To investigate how different object-related attributes affect event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the N400 component, during word processing in an implicit task setting. Method: We embedded a set of 420 critical nouns within a list of 2,745 total words and asked 240 participants to read each one, but to respond only to words denoting colors. W…