kolej-i-drogi: Economy of North Korea

Evidence: 30 • authority: 92

Co-evolution of private and public hospitals: spatiotemporal disparities, geospatial interactions, and social determinants over 19 years in Sichuan, China.. Background The global rise of private hospitals is crucial for achieving universal health coverage, yet the development of public and private hospitals remains uncoordinated. This study explores the co-evolution of private and public hospitals, focusing on their spatiotemporal disparities, geospatial interactions, and the social determinants under policy guidance. Methods We used Sichuan province, China, as a case study and collected hospital-level annual report data from 2002 to 2020. Spatiotemporal analyses examined the co-evolution o…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 72

New public management (NPM) is an approach to the administration of public service organizations that is employed in government and public service institutions and agencies at both the sub-national and national levels. The term was first introduced by academics in the UK and Australia to describe approaches that were developed during the 1980s as part of an effort to make the public service more "businesslike" and to improve its efficiency by using private sector management models. As with the private sector, which focuses on customer service and maximizing shareholder wealth, NPM reforms often focused on the "centrality of citizens who were the recipients of the services or customers to th…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 88

Banking sector Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia for the Period of Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-II): Private vs. Public Commercial Banks. Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia during the implementation of growth and transformation plan II. Moreover, determinants of financial performance were examined. The study was conducted using secondary data obtained from National Bank of Ethiopia, and official website of each commercial bank. Multiple panel regression and independent sample t-test were used to show the relationship and to compare the financial performance of commercial banks between the st…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 92

The toll of tobacco: smoking-attributable health spending in South Korea, 2014-2024. National claims evidence for cost recovery.. Background South Korean policymakers are weighing tobacco control and financing options amid rising health-care costs. This study estimates the direct medical expenditure attributable to active and second-hand smoking (SHS) using Korea's National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data (2014-2024) and quantifies the fiscal burden borne by the public insurer vs. households. Methods Annual NHIS claims data for all beneficiaries for the period 2014-2024 were linked with disease-specific Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) derived from the Global Burden of D…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 88

An Analysis of Performance of Mutual Funds: Public Sector vs Private Sector. Mutual fund is a mechanism for pooling the resources by issuing units to the investors and investing funds in securities in accordance with their objectives. Investors need to know how risky individual assets are and what their contribution to the total risk of a portfolio would be. Plenty of Mutual Funds are available where the investors can put their money. Before investing they want to know which fund gives more return, which fund is performing well, which fund is more risky etc. In this study the performance evaluation of balanced mutual funds scheme is carried out through risk adjusted performance measure by S…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Korean reunification is the hypothetical unification of North Korea and South Korea into a singular Korean sovereign state. Prior to World War I and Korea under Japanese rule (1910–1945), all of Korea had been unified as a single state for over a millennium, notably under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties (the latter of which was declared the Korean Empire in 1897). After the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel (now the Korean Demilitarized Zone). North Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union, and later administered by the Workers' Party of Korea under Kim Il Sung. South Korea was occupied by the United States, later becoming independent under Syngman Rhee. B…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Ministry of Social Security (previously known as the Ministry of People's Security from 2000 to 2020) is the interior ministry and principal law enforcement agency within North Korea. The ministry serves as the official public and internal security force, responsible for maintaining public order and protecting key facilities including railways and other forms of transport. It also maintains a large paramilitary internal force, known as the Social Security Forces. Unlike most ministries in North Korea, which operate under the Cabinet, the Ministry of Social Security is directly supervised by the State Affairs Commission, though in the past it has been subordinate to other national bodies…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The government of South Korea is the national government of the Republic of Korea, created by the Constitution of South Korea as the executive, legislative and judicial authority of the republic. The president acts as the head of state and is the highest figure of executive authority in the country, followed by the prime minister and government ministers in decreasing order. The Executive and Legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. Local governments are semi-autonomous and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. The judicial branch operates at both the national and local…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Forecasting Regional Distribution of Population Migration from North Korea to South Korea after Unification

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Use of Financial Information for Budget Cuts under Unprecedented Fiscal Pressure. This is the first quantitative research on whether, despite time constraints and the political nature of the budgetary process, governments and policymakers use financial information for budget cuts under unprecedented fiscal pressure caused by COVID-19. Especially, we concentrate on financial information that provides useful information to identify the progress of government projects and therefore, the allocation efficiency of government budgets. For this examination, we exploit budget reductions during the 2020 fiscal year in South Korea. We find that the central government and policymakers utilize such…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Public health measures on COVID-19 in North Korea: a quantitative analysis of media programmes in 2020-2022.. Objectives Details regarding the management of COVID-19 in North Korea are unknown. The aim of this paper was to analyse media programmes in North Korea in order to understand public health measures and policies concerning COVID-19. Setting State-run news agency in North Korea. Primary and secondary outcome measures The classification of television programmes on COVID-19 broadcast in a state-run news agency, from January 2020 to May 2022, and public health measures introduced in the programmes. Results A total of 2671 programmes concerning COVID-19 were included in the study. These…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

An Essay on Substructure of Unification Idea of South and North Korea ‒ On the Ideas of Unification through National Economy