archeologia: Crannog

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A crannog (; Irish: crannóg [ˈkɾˠan̪ˠoːɡ]; Scottish Gaelic: crannag [ˈkʰɾan̪ˠak]) is typically a partially or entirely artificial island, usually constructed in lochs, lakes, bogs and estuarine waters of Ireland and Scotland. Unlike the prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, which were built on shores and not inundated until later, crannogs were built in the water, thus forming artificial islands. Humans have inhabited crannogs over five millennia, from the European Neolithic Period to as late as the 17th/early-18th centuries. In Scotland there is no convincing evidence in the archaeological record of their use in the Early or Middle Bronze Age or in the Norse period; Loch Bhorgastail…

Evidence: 61 • authority: 88

Contributions to a Study of ‘The Problem of Pile Dwellings’. The theory of pile-dwellings, first put forward by the Swiss, Ferdinand Keller, is now 100 years old. According to this theory, there existed in prehistoric times buildings erected, not on dry land, but on artificial platforms raised on piles above the surface of the water. This theory was based on well authenticated discoveries of the remains of settlements along the modern lake shores, in the first place on evidence from the south German, Swiss, French and Italian lakes. The very large number of piles found in connection with organic substances (wooden vessels, textiles, food stuffs and seeds) provided a basis for belief in the…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 88

ISLAND DWELLINGS AT 60° NORTH: NEW EVIDENCE FOR CRANNOGS IN IRON AGE SHETLAND. Summary Re‐evaluation of recorded sites and new field survey have identified 30 island dwellings in Shetland which are argued to be part of the wider Scottish Iron Age crannog building tradition. Four were subject to field survey above and below water and found to be at least partly artificial. The morphology, distribution and chronology of Shetland’s artificial islands are discussed and compared to the rest of Scotland emphasizing their parallels. The results support the recent move towards considering islet duns and brochs as crannogs. These newly identified sites in Shetland underline the ubiquity of the crann…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

The Influence of the Discovery of Prehistoric Pile Dwellings Around the Alps on Architect Hannes Meyer

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Palafittes: prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps - By Various authors and editors (co-ordinated by the Swiss committee)

Evidence: 48 • authority: 88

Ancient Wood and Climate Resilience: Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps. As climate change threatens heritage sites, modern settlements and landscapes around the world through flooding and rising sea levels, closer examination of prehistoric innovations may inspire solutions based on practices that have been tested for over 7000 years. Elevated architecture, natural ventilation systems and minimal hydrological impact provide actionable blueprints for sustainable building and planning today. By integrating these time-tested strategies with modern technology, the UNESCO World Heritage property of Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps can contribute to achieving the United Nations…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 88

Early medieval island-type lake dwellings in north-western Poland: Western Slavonic crannogs?. In many regions of Europe there are so-called lake-dwellings, which were described in 1890 by Robert Munro, and have a close spatial and functional relation withinland water systems and seas. Settlements of this type are also known from the area of north-western Poland, where the landscape is dominated by lakes. Characteristicamong them are early medieval settlements entirely occupying small islands located within lake basins (Parsęcko, Żółte and Myślibórz in Pomerania – Pomorze; Nowy Dworek, Chycina and Lubniewice in Lubusz Land – ziemia lubuska). In their external appearance, they resemble Briti…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

This is a list of islands of Scotland, the mainland of which is part of the island of Great Britain. Also included are various other related tables and lists. The definition of an offshore island used in this list is "land that is surrounded by seawater on a daily basis, but not necessarily at all stages of the tide, excluding human devices such as bridges and causeways". Scotland has around 900 offshore islands, most of which are to be found in four main groups: Shetland, Orkney, and the Hebrides, sub-divided into the Inner Hebrides and Outer Hebrides. There are also clusters of islands in the Firth of Clyde, Firth of Forth, and Solway Firth, and numerous small islands within the many bodi…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Notice of a Group of Artificial Islands in the Loch of Dowalton, Wigtownshire and of other Artificial Islands or 'Crannogs' throughout Scotland

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Crannogs and Later Prehistoric Settlement in Western Scotland

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Underwater archaeology is archaeology practiced underwater. As with all other branches of archaeology, it evolved from its roots in pre-history and in the classical era to include sites from the historical and industrial eras. Its acceptance has been a relatively late development due to the difficulties of accessing and working underwater sites, and because the application of archaeology to underwater sites initially emerged from the skills and tools developed by shipwreck salvagers. As a result, underwater archaeology initially struggled to establish itself as actual archaeological research. This changed when universities began teaching the subject and a theoretical and practical base for…