mapy-i-podróże: Old Korean

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Old Korean is the first historically documented stage of the Korean language, typified by the language of the Unified Silla period (668–935). The boundaries of Old Korean periodization remain in dispute. Some linguists classify the sparsely attested languages of the Three Kingdoms of Korea as variants of Old Korean, while others reserve the term for the language of Silla alone. Old Korean traditionally ends with the fall of Silla in 935. This too has recently been challenged by South Korean linguists who argue for extending the Old Korean period to the mid-thirteenth century, although this new periodization is not yet fully accepted. This article focuses on the language of Silla before the…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

Hundok (Korean: 훈독; Hanja: 訓讀), or Korean vernacular reading, is the practice of reading Chinese characters or Literary Sinitic through their meanings using corresponding Korean words rather than only their Sino-Korean pronunciations. The term belongs to a wider East Asian tradition of vernacular reading, and the Korean form is conventionally romanized hundok. In Japanese terminology, text-level vernacular reading of Literary Sinitic is called kundoku, whereas native Japanese readings assigned to individual kanji are called kun'yomi. In Korean history, vernacular readings occur in systems that used Chinese graphs to write Korean before the creation of Hangul, including hyangchal and idu, an…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Turning Songs into Poems and Poems into Songs: Intersections of Literary Sinitic and Vernacular Korean in Chosŏn Literature

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese. For much of Korea's 1,500 years of literary history, it was written in Hanja. It is commonly divided into classical and modern periods, although this distinction is sometimes unclear. There are four major traditional poetic forms: hyangga ("native songs"); byeolgok ("special songs"), or changga ("long poems"); sijo ("current melodies"); and gasa ("verses"). Other poetic forms that flourished briefly include the kyonggi-style, in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the akchang ("words for songs") in the 15th century. The most representative akchang is Yongbi och'on…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Hyangga (Korean: 향가; Hanja: 鄕歌) were poems written using Chinese characters in a system known as hyangchal during the Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods of Korean history. Only a few have survived: 14 in the Samguk yusa (late 6th to 9th centuries) and 11 by the monk Kyunyeo (10th century).

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Turning Songs into Poems and Poems into Songs: Intersections of Literary Sinitic and Vernacular Korean in Chosŏn Literature. Abstract This article investigates the dynamic intersections of Literary Sinitic and vernacular Korean and their impact on the innovations in poetry and song in fifteenth- through nineteenth-century Chosŏn Korea. More specifically, it traces the evolution of poetry or song discourse and explores the different strategies employed by Chosŏn poets and songwriters to render oral songs into text. It also investigates the differing views on the function of poetry and song, musical and textual preservation, and emotional and lyrical immediacy, which influenced the compositio…